CAJ | 학술논문

农民的生计安全与质量问题是当今中国农村的核心问题,稳定的生计可以使有关的政策协调发展、消除贫困并可持续地利用资源.本文采用可持续生计框架为研究基础,农户的生计资产为框架核心,通过建立可持续生计评价指标体系,对农户的生计资产状况和由此决定的资产配置方式--生计策略及二者之间的关系进行初步的研究探讨.结果表明:对张掖市甘州区农户而盲,物质资本的值最高(其值为0.609),人力资本的数值相对较高(其值为0.516),社会资本次之(其值为0.354),金融资本和自然资本的数值相对较低(其值分别为0.286和0.241).在其他条件不变的情况下,自然资本每增加一个单位,将引起农户选择以非农为主与以农业为主生计策略的发生比缩小0.119倍;当其他解释变量不变时,金融资本每增加一个单位,将引起农户选择以非农为主与以农业为主生计策略的发生比扩大9.698倍.所以要想实现农户生计多样化,加强农户抵御风险的能力,政府就必须加强对其资金、技术等方面的支持,使其有能力和资本储备从农业生产转向二、三产业,从而促使农户生计水平得以提高.
농민적생계안전여질량문제시당금중국농촌적핵심문제,은정적생계가이사유관적정책협조발전、소제빈곤병가지속지이용자원.본문채용가지속생계광가위연구기출,농호적생계자산위광가핵심,통과건립가지속생계평개지표체계,대농호적생계자산상황화유차결정적자산배치방식--생계책략급이자지간적관계진행초보적연구탐토.결과표명:대장액시감주구농호이맹,물질자본적치최고(기치위0.609),인력자본적수치상대교고(기치위0.516),사회자본차지(기치위0.354),금융자본화자연자본적수치상대교저(기치분별위0.286화0.241).재기타조건불변적정황하,자연자본매증가일개단위,장인기농호선택이비농위주여이농업위주생계책략적발생비축소0.119배;당기타해석변량불변시,금융자본매증가일개단위,장인기농호선택이비농위주여이농업위주생계책략적발생비확대9.698배.소이요상실현농호생계다양화,가강농호저어풍험적능력,정부취필수가강대기자금、기술등방면적지지,사기유능력화자본저비종농업생산전향이、삼산업,종이촉사농호생계수평득이제고.
The security and quality of livelihood for fanners is the core issue for rural areas in China. The stable livelihhood would make the coordinated development of related polices, eradicate poverty and use resources sustainably. The basis of this study is sustainable livelihood framework, the core of which is livelihood assets. The article takes a preliminary study about the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategies which is the assets' allocation. The results show that the physical capital is the maximum value(the corresponding value is 0.609) for farmers in Ganzhou,the human capital is relatively high value (the corresponding value is 0.516), follwed by social capital (the corresponding value is 0.354) .financial capital and natural capital are realtively low value (the corresponding value are relatively 0.286 and 0.241). The natural capital increased by 1 unit will cause the occurrence ratio for farmers choosing the non-agricultural and agriculture to be the former 0.119 times as other conditions remain invariable. The financial capital increased by 1 unit will cause the occurrence ratio for fanners choosing the non-agricultural and agriculture to be the former 9.698 times as other conditions remain invariable. So the government must enhance the surpport of fund and technology in order to achieve the livelihood diversity and strengthen the ability to resist risks for farmers and establish the relevant policy which can enable the farmers provided with enough ability and asset reserves to transit from agricultural production to secondary and tertiary industries in order to improve the livelihood level for fanners.