CAJ | 학술논문

对串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme)侵染引起玉米穗粒腐病的防御酶活性变化和病原菌侵染过程进行研究.采用人工接菌的方法,分别对抗(Bt-1)、感(掖478)玉米材料进行接种,取抗、感材料间隔24 h的6个时间段接菌部位的苞叶组织,分析玉米植株感病后部分防御酶、同工酶谱的动态变化,并用扫描电镜对病原菌入侵植株过程进行组织病理学观察.扫描电镜观察发现,菌丝首先要经过1～3d生长后,大约在72 h左右开始侵入气孔,并且随着时间的推移,侵入气孔的菌丝量逐渐增多.这说明病原菌是直接通过气孔侵入寄主苞叶组织.同时,玉米受串珠镰刀菌侵染后,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性都是先上升后下降,在感病材料Ye478中PAL的活性要比抗病材料Bt-1中增加的更快、更高；同样对于POD来说,在感病材料Ye478中的活性要比抗病材料Bt-1中的高,但变化趋势在2个材料中相似；而丙二醛(MDA)的含量则相反,在感病材料Ye478中的活性要比抗病材料Bt-1中的低；对POD同工酶酶谱分析,2个材料都增加了3-4个条带,没有明显的区别,这说明玉米感病后会通过增加POD的活性来抵御外源病菌的侵入.总体而言PAL和POD活性水平与材料抗性呈负相关；MDA与材料抗性呈正相关关系.对玉米植株感病后防御酶活性变化的分析和病原菌入侵寄主的电镜观察结果,可为深入研究玉米穗粒腐病抗病机制和抗病育种提供参考.
대천주렴도균(Fusarium moniliforme)침염인기옥미수립부병적방어매활성변화화병원균침염과정진행연구.채용인공접균적방법,분별대항(Bt-1)、감(액478)옥미재료진행접충,취항、감재료간격24 h적6개시간단접균부위적포협조직,분석옥미식주감병후부분방어매、동공매보적동태변화,병용소묘전경대병원균입침식주과정진행조직병이학관찰.소묘전경관찰발현,균사수선요경과1～3d생장후,대약재72 h좌우개시침입기공,병차수착시간적추이,침입기공적균사량축점증다.저설명병원균시직접통과기공침입기주포협조직.동시,옥미수천주렴도균침염후,분병안산해안매(PAL)화과양화물매(POD)적활성도시선상승후하강,재감병재료Ye478중PAL적활성요비항병재료Bt-1중증가적경쾌、경고；동양대우POD래설,재감병재료Ye478중적활성요비항병재료Bt-1중적고,단변화추세재2개재료중상사；이병이철(MDA)적함량칙상반,재감병재료Ye478중적활성요비항병재료Bt-1중적저；대POD동공매매보분석,2개재료도증가료3-4개조대,몰유명현적구별,저설명옥미감병후회통과증가POD적활성래저어외원병균적침입.총체이언PAL화POD활성수평여재료항성정부상관；MDA여재료항성정정상관관계.대옥미식주감병후방어매활성변화적분석화병원균입침기주적전경관찰결과,가위심입연구옥미수립부병항병궤제화항병육충제공삼고.
To further investigate the processes involved in maize ear rot upon infection by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme(FM),the time-course infection was observed through scanning electron microscope(SEM)to demonstrate pathogen progression in maize bract,then the biochemical and physiological enzyme activities were analyzed in the two maize cultivars,Bt-1 and Ye478,completely resistant and significantly susceptible to FM respectively.Microscopic observations showed that FM produced hyphae development first and then penetrated host tissues through the stoma at approximately 72 h postinoculation(hpi).Meanwhile,the phenylalanine ammonia-lyases(PAL)and the reactive oxygen species(ROS)such as peroxidase(POD)were increased promptly higher and faster in Ye478,comparing to that in resistant cultivar Bt-1.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was higher in Bt-lthan Ye478.Finally,the patterns of POD isozyme changed dramatically and increased three or four bands in both cuitivars after infection.The results imply that the relationship between protective enzymes activity and resistant cultivars are negatively correlated,while there was a positive correlation between the content of MDA and resistance of the cultivars.Overall,the response to protective enzyme activities and histological observation might provide important bases to probe the resistant mechanisms,the alteration of metabolism and the breeding research upon the infection of FM in maize.