CAJ | 학술논문

目的掌握我国居民层次碘盐食用情况,及时发现存在的问题,为政府制定碘缺乏病防治策略提供依据.方法 2008年,按照<全国碘缺乏病监测方案(试行)>要求,在全国31个省份以县为单位,新疆生产建设兵团以师为单位进行碘盐监测.每个县按所辖乡镇数量的不同,有9个以上乡镇的县,按东西南北中5个方位采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取9个乡、每个乡抽4个村、每个村抽8户居民;有9个和以下乡镇的县,按东西南北中5个方位各抽取1个乡、每个乡抽4个村、每个村抽15户居民.采集居民户家中的盐样进行碘盐测定,统计和分析各省居民碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率和合格碘盐食用率.碘盐测定采用直接滴定法,川盐及其他强化食用盐测定采用仲裁法.结果全国共有2817个县(区、市、旗)及新疆生产建设兵团的14个师上报了监测结果,监测覆盖率99.96%(2831/2832).盐碘均数为31.51 mg/kg,有16个省份盐碘变异系数＞20.00%.共监测826 968户居民家中食用盐,其中碘盐798 725份,非碘盐28 243份,不合格碘盐20 270份.经人口加权,全国碘盐覆盖率97.48%,碘盐合格率为97.16%,合格碘盐食用率为94.79%.27个省(区、市)和新疆生产建设兵团的居民户合格碘盐食用率≥90.00%,海南、西藏、新疆、天津(省、区、市)的合格碘盐食用率＜90%.有2487个县(市、区、旗)的合格碘盐食用率≥90.00%,占实际监测县数的87.82%(2487/2831),104个县(市、区、旗)和新疆生产建设兵团的1个师碘盐覆盖率＜80.00%.结论全国有16个省(区、市)的盐碘变异程度较高,碘盐质量有待提高.全国碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率总体较好,均≥90.00%,但海南、西藏、新疆等省(区)非碘盐情况仍然较为突出,碘盐覆盖水平较低.
목적 장악아국거민층차전염식용정황,급시발현존재적문제,위정부제정전결핍병방치책략제공의거.방법 2008년,안조<전국전결핍병감측방안(시행)>요구,재전국31개성빈이현위단위,신강생산건설병단이사위단위진행전염감측.매개현안소할향진수량적불동,유9개이상향진적현,안동서남북중5개방위채용단순수궤추양방법추취9개향、매개향추4개촌、매개촌추8호거민;유9개화이하향진적현,안동서남북중5개방위각추취1개향、매개향추4개촌、매개촌추15호거민.채집거민호가중적염양진행전염측정,통계화분석각성거민전염복개솔、전염합격솔화합격전염식용솔.전염측정채용직접적정법,천염급기타강화식용염측정채용중재법.결과 전국공유2817개현(구、시、기)급신강생산건설병단적14개사상보료감측결과,감측복개솔99.96%(2831/2832).염전균수위31.51 mg/kg,유16개성빈염전변이계수＞20.00%.공감측826 968호거민가중식용염,기중전염798 725빈,비전염28 243빈,불합격전염20 270빈.경인구가권,전국전염복개솔97.48%,전염합격솔위97.16%,합격전염식용솔위94.79%.27개성(구、시)화신강생산건설병단적거민호합격전염식용솔≥90.00%,해남、서장、신강、천진(성、구、시)적합격전염식용솔＜90%.유2487개현(시、구、기)적합격전염식용솔≥90.00%,점실제감측현수적87.82%(2487/2831),104개현(시、구、기)화신강생산건설병단적1개사전염복개솔＜80.00%.결론 전국유16개성(구、시)적염전변이정도교고,전염질량유대제고.전국전염복개솔화합격전염식용솔총체교호,균≥90.00%,단해남、서장、신강등성(구)비전염정황잉연교위돌출,전염복개수평교저.
Objective To study the national surveillance results and learn the current situation of iodized salt consumption at household level in 2008, and to find out the remaining problems and to provide scientific basis for developing control strategies against iedine deficiency disorders. Methods In 2008, in accordance with the requirements of the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program (Trial)", the surveillance was conducted at county level in 31 provinces and at division level in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. In each county 9 townships were randomly selected according to their sub-area positions of east, west, south, north and center;4 villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township;8 households were randomly selected in each chosen village. In every county with 9 or less townships, 1 township was randomly selected respectively in the east, west, south,north and center sub-areas;4 villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township;15 households were randomly selected in each chosen village. Edible salt from these households was collected. Iodized salt coverage rate, proportion of qualified iodized salt and consumption rate of the qualified iodized salt of the households in each province were counted and analyzed. Iodized salt was determined by direct titration;the salt samples from Sichuan and other enhanced salt were detected by arbitration. Results Totally 2817 counties (districts, cities, banners) and 14 divisions of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported the monitoring results, monitoring coverage reached 99.96%(2831/2832). Mean of iodine content was 31.51 mg/kg.Sixteen provinces had a variation coefficient of iodine content for more than 20%. A total of 826 968 households were tested of their edible salt, in which iodized salt 798 725 copies, non-iodized salt 28 243 copies, and unqualified iodized salt 20 270 copies. Weighted by population,at national level, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.48%, qualified rate of iodized salt 97.16%, and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.79%.Twenty seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had a qualified iodized salt coverage rate of above or equal 90.00%. Tibet, Hainan, Xinjiang and Tianjin provinces (regions) had a qualified iodized salt coverage rate lower than 90.00%. Further, 2487 counties had the rate high or equal 90.00% accounting for 87.82% (2487/2831) of complementing monitoring counties. One hundred and four counties and 1 division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had the coverage rate of iodized salt below 80.00%. Conclusions Sixteen provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) have relatively a high degree of variation coefficient in salt iodine content. The quality of iodized salt needs to be improved. The coverage rate of iodized salt and the qualified iodized salt at national level are both above or equal 90.00%. However, the non-iodized salt problem is still serious and have a relatively lower coverage of iodized salt in Tibet, Hainan and Xinjiang.