CAJ | 학술논문

该文概述,北半球和我国气候变暖中增温的非对称性特征:北半球气候变暖存在明显的季节差异和昼夜不同步性,大部分地区冬、春季升温高于夏、秋季,日最低气温升幅是日最高气温升幅的2～3倍;近50年我国近地表气温升高主要是最低气温明显上升的结果,日最低气温升幅是日最气高温升幅的2～3倍,与北半球基本一致;升温最显著的季节为冬季和春季.在此基础上概述了非对称性增温对农业生态系统的影响,论述了非对称性增温对农作物物候和农作物产量的影响,得出最低气温升高促使整个生长季延长,促使早春作物物候期提前,但最低气温和最高气温对不同作物的物候以及同一作物的不同发育阶段影响不同.现有研究多采用模型或统计的方法研究气候变暖对作物生长的影响,认为温度升高对作物有"强迫成熟"效应;而现有的最低气温升高和最高气温升高对作物生长影响的研究结果并不一致.非对称性增温对农作物影响的实验研究极少,且缺乏对模型模拟结果的实验验证.
해문개술,북반구화아국기후변난중증온적비대칭성특정:북반구기후변난존재명현적계절차이화주야불동보성,대부분지구동、춘계승온고우하、추계,일최저기온승폭시일최고기온승폭적2～3배;근50년아국근지표기온승고주요시최저기온명현상승적결과,일최저기온승폭시일최기고온승폭적2～3배,여북반구기본일치;승온최현저적계절위동계화춘계.재차기출상개술료비대칭성증온대농업생태계통적영향,논술료비대칭성증온대농작물물후화농작물산량적영향,득출최저기온승고촉사정개생장계연장,촉사조춘작물물후기제전,단최저기온화최고기온대불동작물적물후이급동일작물적불동발육계단영향불동.현유연구다채용모형혹통계적방법연구기후변난대작물생장적영향,인위온도승고대작물유"강박성숙"효응;이현유적최저기온승고화최고기온승고대작물생장영향적연구결과병불일치.비대칭성증온대농작물영향적실험연구겁소,차결핍대모형모의결과적실험험증.
Some recent major research findings on trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature in global warming and warming experiments in agro-ecosystems are summarized briefly. Investigating the daily mean maximum and minimum temperatures of the Northern Hemisphere landmass, it's found that the rising rate of the minimum temperature is 2-3 times as big as that of the maximum temperature during the period of 1950-1993. It indicates that the daily mean maximum and minimum temperatures rising are a-symmetry. The largest increase in temperature occurs in wintertime and springtime, implying that temperature increase is asymmetry in seasons too. Similar trends are observed for the past 52 years (1951-2002) in China. The agro-ecosystems response to temperature increasing in asymmetric trends is introduced in detail. As for the rise of the minimum temperature, almost all researches confirm that the growing season has been extended and the spring crops phenological phases have become earlier than before. The minimum temperature and the maximum temperature have different effects on different crops' phenological calendar and on one crop's different phenological phases. Most of the existing reports about agro ecosystems response to temperature increase concentrate on crops model simulation and statistic description. And most of the results show that increasing temperature has made the growth period shorter and the ripe date earlier. As for these causes, some studies imply that it could cut down the crops yields. But others consider that increasing minimum temperature will lessen the danger of crop chill injury, and will improve the crops yields. Some studies also suggest that the temperature rising, especially the daily maximum temperature rising has nonlinear effects on corn yields. Thus the roles of minimum temperature and maximum temperature to crops grow and yields are still uncertain. The temperature also plays an important role in controlling the soil CO_2 releases. Most of experiments about temperature rising are conducted in OTC(open-top chamber) or greenhouse, where the maximum temperature is increased much more than the minimum temperature (the minimum temperature are almost unchanged comparing with blank). Therefore, all the OTC and greenhouse experiments are mainly set to simulate the effects of the maximum temperature rising on crops. A recently reported method designed to simulate minimum temperature rising is also reviewed. Minimum temperature rising experiments have been carried out on grassland and forest ecosystems, but the experiments in agro-ecosystems are seldom reported.