CAJ | 학술논문

为给淮北地区小麦超高产优质种植中合理施氮提供依据,以强筋小麦烟农19和中筋小麦皖麦50为材料,研究了超高产栽培条件下追氮时期对小麦产量、品质的影响.结果表明,在施纯氮307.5～322.5 kg·hm~(-2)(其中有机氮37.5～52.5 kg·hm~(-2),化肥氮270 kg·hm~(-2))、基追比例为5:5的条件下,烟农19和皖麦50的籽粒产量均以拔节期追施最高,产量分别达到9 497.10和9 857.55 kg·hm~(-2),以始花期追氮产量最低.粗蛋白、湿面筋含量、Z-沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间等主要品质指标均随追氮时期推迟而提高,强筋品种烟农19在拔节期以后追氮的品质均能达到优质小麦标准(粗蛋白含量≥14%).各氮肥利用参数基本以拔节期～孕穗期处理较高,追氮时期前移和后移均使各参数降低,拔节期～孕穗期处理与其他处理差异显著.综合两个年度的结果,淮北地区小麦实现高产、优质栽培的追氮时期以拔节期～孕穗期为佳,传统的氮素"一炮轰"运筹方式难以达到9 000 kg·hm~(-2)的超高产水平.
위급회북지구소맥초고산우질충식중합리시담제공의거,이강근소맥연농19화중근소맥환맥50위재료,연구료초고산재배조건하추담시기대소맥산량、품질적영향.결과표명,재시순담307.5～322.5 kg·hm~(-2)(기중유궤담37.5～52.5 kg·hm~(-2),화비담270 kg·hm~(-2))、기추비례위5:5적조건하,연농19화환맥50적자립산량균이발절기추시최고,산량분별체도9 497.10화9 857.55 kg·hm~(-2),이시화기추담산량최저.조단백、습면근함량、Z-침강치、형성시간화은정시간등주요품질지표균수추담시기추지이제고,강근품충연농19재발절기이후추담적품질균능체도우질소맥표준(조단백함량≥14%).각담비이용삼수기본이발절기～잉수기처리교고,추담시기전이화후이균사각삼수강저,발절기～잉수기처리여기타처리차이현저.종합량개년도적결과,회북지구소맥실현고산、우질재배적추담시기이발절기～잉수기위가,전통적담소"일포굉"운주방식난이체도9 000 kg·hm~(-2)적초고산수평.
From 2006 to 2008, Yannong 19 (strong gluten wheat)and Wanmai 50(middle gluten wheat) were used to study the effects of different period of nitrogen topdressing on super-high-yield wheat in Huaibei cultivation conditions. The results showed that under nitrogen appliation of 307.5～322.5 kg·hm~(-2) (organic nitrogen 37.5～52.5 kg·hm~(-2) and nitrogen fertilizer 270 kg·hm~(-2)) and 9 857.55 kg·hm~(-2) (Wanmai 50) could be obtained by topdressing at jointing stage, the lowest yield obtained by topdressing at pre-flowering. Crude protein, wet gluten content, Z-sedimentation value, formation time and stable time were improved with the delay of topdressing. Yannong 19 was able to reach quality standards ( crude protein ≥ 14%) while topdressing after jointing. Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency were higher while topdressing at jointing stage ～ booting stage than top-dressing earlier and later than this stage. Significant difference was observed in jointing ～ booting stage treatment and other treatments. To achieve high yield of wheat high-quality in Huaibei region, the jointing ～ booting stage is the best for topdressing. The traditional nitrogen "one-off" method of fertilization is difficult to achieve yield level of 9 000 kg·hm~(-2).