CAJ | 학술논문

通过文献资料分析和实地调查相结合的方法,对北京市外来入侵植物的种类、生活型、起源地、引入途径和分布等特征进行了分析,结果表明:该地区共有48种外来入侵植物,隶属39属19科,其中菊科、禾本科、苋科和大戟科植物为优势科,占到了所有入侵植物总数的60.4%.除火炬树外,其余47种植物均为草本植物,以起源于美洲的居多(70.8%),多为伴随种子苗木运输无意引进.入侵植物分布受城市化水平和人口密度影响显著,城市功能扩展区分布有最多的入侵植物,就入侵种分布密度而言,城市功能拓展区和城市核心区均明显高于近郊区和远郊区.目前北京入侵植物主要分布于农田、绿地、花圃等半人工生态系统,尚处于可控范围之内,但北京的自然地理条件及城市化进程使其仍存在较高的入侵风险,在将来的防治工作中应采取更加严格的检疫措施.
통과문헌자료분석화실지조사상결합적방법,대북경시외래입침식물적충류、생활형、기원지、인입도경화분포등특정진행료분석,결과표명:해지구공유48충외래입침식물,대속39속19과,기중국과、화본과、현과화대극과식물위우세과,점도료소유입침식물총수적60.4%.제화거수외,기여47충식물균위초본식물,이기원우미주적거다(70.8%),다위반수충자묘목운수무의인진.입침식물분포수성시화수평화인구밀도영향현저,성시공능확전구분포유최다적입침식물,취입침충분포밀도이언,성시공능탁전구화성시핵심구균명현고우근교구화원교구.목전북경입침식물주요분포우농전、록지、화포등반인공생태계통,상처우가공범위지내,단북경적자연지리조건급성시화진정사기잉존재교고적입침풍험,재장래적방치공작중응채취경가엄격적검역조시.
Based on the field survey and literature review, the species composition, life form, origin, invasion track and distribution of alien invasive plants under the influence of urbanization in Beijing were studied. The results showed that there were 49 species of alien plants in this region, belonging to 39 genera and 19 families. Compositae, Gramineae, Amaranthaceae and Euphorbiaceae were the dominant families, which occupied 60.4% of total invasive plants. All invasive plants were herbs except Rhus typhina. Most of these species were originated from America (70.8%), and many of them were accidentally introduced accompanied with introduc-tion of seeds or ornamentals. Urbanization level and human density significantly influenced the distribution pattern of the invasive plants. The extended urban area had the maximum number of invasive plants; as far as the density was concerned, core urban area and extended urban area were remarkably higher than the suburban and the exurban. To date the invasive plants in Beijing region were mainly distributed in the semi-manmade ecosystem, such as farmland, green-space and nursery, which made them under control yet. However, Beijing region still has a high risk of biological invasion due to its complex geological and geomorphological condi-tions and its rapid urbanization. More rigorous quarantine solutions should be taken to prevent further invasion.