CAJ | 학술논문

美国文官制度经历了从政党分肥制到现代功绩制的深刻变革,至1978年,卡特政府创建了高级文官制度,在政务官之下、普通文官之上设置高级文官阶层.高级文官作为连接政务官和普通文官的桥梁和纽带,突破了政治与行政的界限,将政治家和官僚的角色融为一体,扮演着既是领导者,又是管理者的角色,在联邦政府中起着承上启下的作用,全面提升了政府的政治和技术回应性.但高级文官中政治任命的非常任高级文官更换频繁,与竞争晋升的常任高级文官和普通文官之间,又产生了新的矛盾和冲突,造成政府优秀人才的流失.从历史的角度,认真总结美国文官制度变革的经验与教训,对于我国公务员制度建设,特别是高级公务员制度建设,具有重要意义.
미국문관제도경력료종정당분비제도현대공적제적심각변혁,지1978년,잡특정부창건료고급문관제도,재정무관지하、보통문관지상설치고급문관계층.고급문관작위련접정무관화보통문관적교량화뉴대,돌파료정치여행정적계한,장정치가화관료적각색융위일체,분연착기시령도자,우시관리자적각색,재련방정부중기착승상계하적작용,전면제승료정부적정치화기술회응성.단고급문관중정치임명적비상임고급문관경환빈번,여경쟁진승적상임고급문관화보통문관지간,우산생료신적모순화충돌,조성정부우수인재적류실.종역사적각도,인진총결미국문관제도변혁적경험여교훈,대우아국공무원제도건설,특별시고급공무원제도건설,구유중요의의.
The administrative personnel system in U.S. has experienced great change from spoils system to merit system and then to Senior Executive Service President Carter has established Senior Executive Service since 1978 to regulate and manage senior executives. As a bridge and link between politics appointees and bureaucrats, senior executives have broken the limits between politics and administration, and then gradually grown up to the hybrid. They serve both as leaders and managers in federal government to enhance the political responsiveness and technical responsiveness. However. in the senior executives, the non-career appointees and the career executives have naturally conflicts, which led to brain drain more or less. Historically, it is necessary to conclude the best practice and lessons of Senior Executive Service in U.S., and what we have learned from it will be greatly helpful to the establishment of Chinese personnel system, especially of Chinese Senior Executive Service.