CAJ | 학술논문

采用密闭室连续通气法研究了优化施氮下湖北平稻-麦轮作体系农田氨挥发损失.结果表明,肥料氮素氮挥发损失量随施肥量增加而增加.施肥处理小麦季氨挥发损失量为N 11.37～17.05 kg/hm~2,肥料氮氨挥发损失率为4.75%～5.43%,氨挥发峰值大约发生在施肥后的第3～5 d,肥料氨挥发过程持续7～10 d;水稻季氨挥发损失量为N32.50～62.82 kg/hm~2,肥料氮氨挥发损失率为8.24%～19.38%,氨挥发峰值大约发生在施肥后的第2～3 d,氨挥发过程持续5～7 d.水稻季和小麦季氨挥发之间差异显著,整个稻-麦轮作体系氨挥发主要发生在水稻季,约占整个轮作体系的74.08%～78.65%.同习惯施氮相比,基于作物阶段氮素吸收增加追肥比例和施肥次数的优化施氮能有效减少肥料氮的氨挥发损失.
채용밀폐실련속통기법연구료우화시담하호북평도-맥륜작체계농전안휘발손실.결과표명,비료담소담휘발손실량수시비량증가이증가.시비처리소맥계안휘발손실량위N 11.37～17.05 kg/hm~2,비료담안휘발손실솔위4.75%～5.43%,안휘발봉치대약발생재시비후적제3～5 d,비료안휘발과정지속7～10 d;수도계안휘발손실량위N32.50～62.82 kg/hm~2,비료담안휘발손실솔위8.24%～19.38%,안휘발봉치대약발생재시비후적제2～3 d,안휘발과정지속5～7 d.수도계화소맥계안휘발지간차이현저,정개도-맥륜작체계안휘발주요발생재수도계,약점정개륜작체계적74.08%～78.65%.동습관시담상비,기우작물계단담소흡수증가추비비례화시비차수적우화시담능유효감소비료담적안휘발손실.
A continuous airflow enclosure method was used to measure the ammonia volatilization (AV) from paddy field under the wheat-rice rotation system in Hubei Province. The results indicated that total amount of AV loss generally increased with the urea application rate. In wheat growing season, AV loss varied from N 11.37-17.05 kg /ha which accounted for 4.75 to 5.43 percent of applied N, the AV from fertilizer N lasted for 7-10 days and peak of AV occurred within 3-5 days after fertilization ; While in rice growing season, AV loss varied from N 32.50-62.82 kg/ha which ranged from 8.24 to 19.38 percent of applied N, the AV from fertilizer N lasted for 5-7 days and the peak occurred within 2-3 days after fertilizer was applied. Most of the AV loss occurred in the rice season, which ranged from 74.08% to 78.65% of total AV loss in the entire rotation system. Compared to farmer practice, optimizing N application associated with increasing ratios of dress N to base N fertilizer and times of split application based on plant N uptake at different growth stage could obviously reduce the AV loss under the rice-wheat rotation system.