CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解低年资护士职业倦怠与角色认知之间的关系,为护理管理者落实护士分层管理、提高其职业成就感提供理论依据.方法采用Maslach职业倦怠量表(简称MBI)与角色认知量表,对在某市3家综合医院工作的400名低年资护士进行问卷调查.结果本调查共发放问卷400份,回收390份,回收有效率为97.5％.低年资护士在工作倦怠的3个维度得分[(19.61±7.80)分,(7.48±4.09)分,(19.56±6.18)分]均低于常模的[(23.02±10.29)分,(6.81±5.57)分,(28.55±9.34)分],两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t分别为-4.117,1.552,- 13.707;P ＜0.05).低年资护士职业倦怠量表中情感耗竭得分(19.61 ±7.8)分为中度耗竭,去人格化得分(7.48±4.09)分为中度耗竭,低个人成就感得分(19.56±6.18)分为高度耗竭；角色认知为中等偏下水平.Pearson积差相关性分析结果表明,情感衰竭与角色冲突呈负相关(r=-0.297,P＜0.01),去人格化与角色模糊及角色冲突分别呈正相关和负相关(r分别为0.218,0.299;P ＜0.01)；低个人成就感与角色模糊呈负相关(r=-0.302,P＜0.01).以低年资护士职业倦怠各分量表为因变量,以角色模糊中两个分量表得分为自变量进行逐步回归分析,结果表明,角色冲突对情感衰竭及去人格化有预测作用或影响；角色模糊对去人格化及低个人成就感有预测作用或影响.结论了解低年资护士角色认知水平、职业倦怠程度,以及两者之间的关系,有助于护理管理者有针对性的采取措施,减轻低年资护士职业倦怠程度,提高护理队伍的整体素质.
목적 료해저년자호사직업권태여각색인지지간적관계,위호리관리자락실호사분층관리、제고기직업성취감제공이론의거.방법 채용Maslach직업권태량표(간칭MBI)여각색인지량표,대재모시3가종합의원공작적400명저년자호사진행문권조사.결과 본조사공발방문권400빈,회수390빈,회수유효솔위97.5％.저년자호사재공작권태적3개유도득분[(19.61±7.80)분,(7.48±4.09)분,(19.56±6.18)분]균저우상모적[(23.02±10.29)분,(6.81±5.57)분,(28.55±9.34)분],량조비교,차이유통계학의의(t분별위-4.117,1.552,- 13.707;P ＜0.05).저년자호사직업권태량표중정감모갈득분(19.61 ±7.8)분위중도모갈,거인격화득분(7.48±4.09)분위중도모갈,저개인성취감득분(19.56±6.18)분위고도모갈；각색인지위중등편하수평.Pearson적차상관성분석결과표명,정감쇠갈여각색충돌정부상관(r=-0.297,P＜0.01),거인격화여각색모호급각색충돌분별정정상관화부상관(r분별위0.218,0.299;P ＜0.01)；저개인성취감여각색모호정부상관(r=-0.302,P＜0.01).이저년자호사직업권태각분량표위인변량,이각색모호중량개분량표득분위자변량진행축보회귀분석,결과표명,각색충돌대정감쇠갈급거인격화유예측작용혹영향；각색모호대거인격화급저개인성취감유예측작용혹영향.결론 료해저년자호사각색인지수평、직업권태정도,이급량자지간적관계,유조우호리관리자유침대성적채취조시,감경저년자호사직업권태정도,제고호리대오적정체소질.
Objective To study the relationships between occupation burnout and role cognition of low seniority nurses so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for nurse managers to implement hierarchical management and improve nurses' career accomplishment.Methods Totals of 390 low seniority nurses from three general hospitals of one city were recruited and investigated with Maslach occupation burnout inventory (MBI) and role cognition scale.Results Three dimensions score of occupation burnout of the low seniority nurses [ (19.61 ± 7.80),(7.48 ± 4.09),(19.56 ± 6.18) ] were lower than that of the norm [ (23.02 ±10.29),(6.81 ±5.57),(28.55 ±9.34) ],and the difference was statistically significant (t =-4.117,1.552,-13.707,respectively;P ＜0.05).In occupation burnout of low seniority nurses,emotional (19.61 ±7.8)and depersonalization (7.48 ± 4.09) were moderate exhaustion,and low personal accomplishment was high exhaustion (19.56 ± 6.18),they had a moderate level of role cognition.Pearson product - moment correlation analysis showed that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were negatively correlated with role conflict (r=-0.297,P ＜ 0.01),role ambiguity was positively correlated with low personal accomplishment andnegatively correlated with depersonalization (r =- 0.302,P ＜ 0.01).Stepwise regression analysis results showed that role conflict had predictive and impact effect on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization,and role ambiguity had predictive and impact effect on depersonalization and low personal accomplishment.Conclusions Understanding the level of role cognitive,occupation burnout degree,and its relationship of low seniority nurses can help nurse managers take targeted interventions to reduce low seniority nurse' s occupation burnout degree and improve the overall performance of nursing staff.