CAJ | 학술논문

以合理利用黑龙江省土壤养分资源,避免肥料浪费,达到大豆高产、优质和高效为目的,根据李比希最小养分率原理,设计了最佳处理,并在最佳处理的基础上做减素处理,以田间小区试验方法研究了黑龙江省大豆主产区平衡施肥条件下,大豆产量、各生育期养分吸收规律以及土壤-作物系统中氮磷钾三要素投入-产出平衡状况.结果表明:平衡施肥对海伦、宝清、克山大豆产量有明显的正效应,且有利于大豆植株对养分的吸收利用,开花期～结荚期以及鼓粒期～成熟期是大豆养分需求的关键时期.黑龙江省大豆主产区施N 52.5 kg·hm~(-2)不足;施P_2O_575 k·hm~(-2)过高;施K_2O 60 kg·hm~(-2)中部和西部地区不足,东部地区基本能满足大豆高产对钾的需要.三地区氮肥利用率分别为37.8%、39.8%和39.3%;磷肥利用率分别为16.8%、19.7%和18.6%;钾肥利用率分别为43.5%、40.5%和25.3%.可见,黑龙江省大豆主产区大豆生产氮钾肥用量还有提高的空间,磷肥用量过高.
이합리이용흑룡강성토양양분자원,피면비료낭비,체도대두고산、우질화고효위목적,근거리비희최소양분솔원리,설계료최가처리,병재최가처리적기출상주감소처리,이전간소구시험방법연구료흑룡강성대두주산구평형시비조건하,대두산량、각생육기양분흡수규률이급토양-작물계통중담린갑삼요소투입-산출평형상황.결과표명:평형시비대해륜、보청、극산대두산량유명현적정효응,차유리우대두식주대양분적흡수이용,개화기～결협기이급고립기～성숙기시대두양분수구적관건시기.흑룡강성대두주산구시N 52.5 kg·hm~(-2)불족;시P_2O_575 k·hm~(-2)과고;시K_2O 60 kg·hm~(-2)중부화서부지구불족,동부지구기본능만족대두고산대갑적수요.삼지구담비이용솔분별위37.8%、39.8%화39.3%;린비이용솔분별위16.8%、19.7%화18.6%;갑비이용솔분별위43.5%、40.5%화25.3%.가견,흑룡강성대두주산구대두생산담갑비용량환유제고적공간,린비용량과고.
According toLiebig principle of minimum nutrient rate, the optimal treatment and nutrient omission treatments were designed in order to make soil nutrient resources used rationally. Soybean yield,the nutrients absorption characteristic at different growing stages as well as the three elements of N, P and K input- output balance in soil- crop system were studied under the condition of balanced fertilization by the method of field trial in the main soybean producing areas of Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that balanced fertilization had a significant positive effect to soybean yield of Hailun, Baoqing, Keshan, and was conducive to nutrients absorption and utilization of soybean plants. From florescence to pod- setting and pod-filling to mature stage were the two critical periods of soybean nutrients absorption. The amount of N 52. 5 kg · ha~(-1) could not satisfy the demand for high- yielding soybean; P_2O_5 75 kg · ha ~(-1) could be able to meet high yield of soybean. The amount of K_2O 60 kg · ha~(-1) was not enough to soybean for the central and western regions,but could satisfy for eastern regions of Heilongjiang Province. Fertilizer use efficiency of Hailun, Baoqing, Keshan were 37. 8% ,39. 8% and 39. 3% for nitrogen; 16. 8% ,19.7% and 18.6% for phosphorus;43. 5% ,40. 5% and 25. 3% for potassium,respectively. The amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be improved and phosphorus fertilizer be reduced in the main soybean producing areas of Heilongjiang Province.