CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解大学新生的膳食模式，分析其膳食模式的影响因素。方法采取分层整群随机抽样的方法，调查1319名大学新生的膳食模式及其影响因素。结果发现4种膳食模式：Ⅰ（摄入较多的汉堡包及油炸食品、腌制食品、坚果类、零食、可乐、雪碧、咖啡、糖类）、Ⅱ（摄入较多的猪肉、羊肉、牛肉、禽肉、动物肝脏、鱼虾类、海带/海鱼/紫菜等海制品、坚果类）、Ⅲ（摄入较多新鲜水果、鸡蛋、鱼虾类、海带/海鱼/紫菜等海制品、奶及奶制品、豆类及豆制品、坚果类）、Ⅳ（摄入较多的粮谷类、新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、猪肉）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，主要影响其膳食模式的因素：(1)男生膳食模式Ⅰ、Ⅱ与居住地点(OR= 1.67,95％CI:0.87～3.19；OR=1.51，95％CI:0.79～ 2.88)、就餐地点（OR= 1.63,95％CI:1.03～2.59;OR= 1.83，95％CI:1.04～ 3.23）、母亲的文化程度（OR=2.52,95％CI:1.07 ～ 5.95；OR=3.38,95％CI:1.50 ～ 7.63）、家庭经济状况（OR=2.24，95％CI：1.30 ～ 3.88;OR=3.06，95％CI:1.77～ 5.29）、被动吸烟(OR= 1.80,95％CI:0.70 ～ 4.59；OR=1.83,95％CI:0.75 ～4.45)呈正相关。膳食模式Ⅲ与母亲的文化程度呈负相关（OR=0.56，95％CI:0.17～ 1.79）;膳食模式Ⅳ和就餐地点呈正相关(OR=1.83,95％CI:1.04 ～ 3.23)，但是与母亲的文化程度呈负相关( OR=0.56,95％CI:0.17～ 1.79)。(2)女生与男生相比，膳食模式Ⅰ和居住地点、就餐地点关系不大；而对于膳食模式Ⅱ、Ⅲ来说，被动吸烟对女生影响也不大。结论大学新生的膳食模式受社会人口统计学及生活方式等多种因素影响。
목적 료해대학신생적선식모식，분석기선식모식적영향인소。방법채취분층정군수궤추양적방법，조사1319명대학신생적선식모식급기영향인소。결과발현4충선식모식：Ⅰ（섭입교다적한보포급유작식품、업제식품、견과류、령식、가악、설벽、가배、당류）、Ⅱ（섭입교다적저육、양육、우육、금육、동물간장、어하류、해대/해어/자채등해제품、견과류）、Ⅲ（섭입교다신선수과、계단、어하류、해대/해어/자채등해제품、내급내제품、두류급두제품、견과류）、Ⅳ（섭입교다적량곡류、신선소채、신선수과、저육）。다인소logistic회귀분석현시，주요영향기선식모식적인소：(1)남생선식모식Ⅰ、Ⅱ여거주지점(OR= 1.67,95％CI:0.87～3.19；OR=1.51，95％CI:0.79～ 2.88)、취찬지점（OR= 1.63,95％CI:1.03～2.59;OR= 1.83，95％CI:1.04～ 3.23）、모친적문화정도（OR=2.52,95％CI:1.07 ～ 5.95；OR=3.38,95％CI:1.50 ～ 7.63）、가정경제상황（OR=2.24，95％CI：1.30 ～ 3.88;OR=3.06，95％CI:1.77～ 5.29）、피동흡연(OR= 1.80,95％CI:0.70 ～ 4.59；OR=1.83,95％CI:0.75 ～4.45)정정상관。선식모식Ⅲ여모친적문화정도정부상관（OR=0.56，95％CI:0.17～ 1.79）;선식모식Ⅳ화취찬지점정정상관(OR=1.83,95％CI:1.04 ～ 3.23)，단시여모친적문화정도정부상관( OR=0.56,95％CI:0.17～ 1.79)。(2)녀생여남생상비，선식모식Ⅰ화거주지점、취찬지점관계불대；이대우선식모식Ⅱ、Ⅲ래설，피동흡연대녀생영향야불대。결론대학신생적선식모식수사회인구통계학급생활방식등다충인소영향。
Objective To investigate the dietary pattern in college freshmen students and to analyze the influencing factors on their dietary patterns. Methods A questionnaire survey on situation of dietary pattern and influencing factors was conducted among 1319 freshmen students.Results Four major dietary patterns were noticed and they were: Ⅰ , high consumption in hamburger,fried food, nuts, biscuit, chocolate, cola, coffee, sugars, Ⅱ, high consumption in pork, mutton, beef,poultry meat, animal liver, Ⅲ, high consumption in fresh fruits, eggs, fish and shrimps, kelp laver and sea fish, milk and dairy products, beans and bean products, Ⅳ, high consumption in rice and grain,fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, pork. Risk factors on dietary pattern were presented as follows: ( 1 )boys: having the food pattern Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed a strong positive association with the place where they live (OR= 1.67, 95％CI: 0.87-3.19; OR= 1.51,95％CI: 0.79-2.88), eating place (OR=1.63,95％CI: 1.O3-2.59; OR= 1.83, 95％CI: 1.04-3.23), level of mother' s education (OR=2.52,95％CI: 1.07-5.95; OR=3.38, 95％CI: 1.50-7.63), family income (OR=2.24, 95％CI: 1.30-3.88;OR=3.06, 95％ CI: 1.77-5.29) and the status of passive smoking (OR= 1.80, 95％CI: 0.70-4.59;OR=1.83, 95％CI: 0.75-4.45). Inverse correlations was found on the level of mother's education (OR=0.56,95％CI: 0.17-1.79). The food pattern Ⅳ showed a strong positive association with place of eating(OR= 1.83,95％CI: 1.04-3.23) but having an inverse correlation with the level of mother's education (OR=0.56, 95％CI: 0.17-1.79). (2)girls when compared with boys, the food pattern Ⅰ showed minor association with the places of living and eating; while the food pattern Ⅱ and Ⅲ had minor association with the status of passive smoking. Conclusion Socio-demographic factors and lifestyle had influenced on the dietary patterns among college freshmen students who should be guided to have a reasonable, balanced diet in the college.