CAJ | 학술논문

康德权利法哲学集古典自然法之大成,开古典哲理法先河。他认为,人生而为人就有选择的自由,根据一条普遍的权利法则,每个人的自由都能和谐并存。人既是目的又是手段。有了这个自由,才有其他权利的获得,其中获得外物的所有权是首当其冲的。私权利是无需经由法律规定的,但也极易丧失,在没有法律的保护下更是如此。所以,为了保护私权,人类经由原始契约进入文明共同体,也就是有法律保护的国家状态。国家状态下,有需要向外公布的法律,是为公权。公权依照一个从小到大的逻辑次序,先有国内公权,它包括国家对内拥有的立法、行政、司法权利,更有进行维持国家运转的职能部门的权利,人民拥有平等、独立、自由权利。国与国之间应有国际法权利,以避免彼此陷入战争。国与国之间的战争状态,有违人类的实践理性,所以,人类最后将走向普遍联合,永久和平终将实现。康德认为,这是理性的要求,也是自然的有目的的安排。
강덕권리법철학집고전자연법지대성,개고전철리법선하。타인위,인생이위인취유선택적자유,근거일조보편적권리법칙,매개인적자유도능화해병존。인기시목적우시수단。유료저개자유,재유기타권리적획득,기중획득외물적소유권시수당기충적。사권리시무수경유법률규정적,단야겁역상실,재몰유법률적보호하경시여차。소이,위료보호사권,인류경유원시계약진입문명공동체,야취시유법률보호적국가상태。국가상태하,유수요향외공포적법률,시위공권。공권의조일개종소도대적라집차서,선유국내공권,타포괄국가대내옹유적입법、행정、사법권리,경유진행유지국가운전적직능부문적권리,인민옹유평등、독립、자유권리。국여국지간응유국제법권리,이피면피차함입전쟁。국여국지간적전쟁상태,유위인류적실천이성,소이,인류최후장주향보편연합,영구화평종장실현。강덕인위,저시이성적요구,야시자연적유목적적안배。
Kant＇s law philosophy of rights assembles all merits of classical natural law and initiates the philosophical law.As a precise system,Kant＇s law philosophy bases on transcendental reason,and gives metaphysical reasoning arguments for the justice of rights.The keystone of the system is the congenital freedom.He thought people had the freedom to choose.According to the absolute principle of rights,everyone＇s freedom can exist harmoniously,and he won＇t be enslaved or enslave others.Everybody is not only purpose but also means.With the freedom,other rights are obtained and the property of the obtaining ranks first.The private right does not need to be ruled by the law,but it is also easy to lose especially without the protection of the law.Therefore,in order to protect the private power,the humanity enters the civilized community which is under the national condition with the law protection by way of the original contract.Under the national condition,the law which needs to be announced the outside,is the civil rights.According to a logic frequency from small to big,the civil rights contains national civil rights including the legislation,administration and judicial right of the country and has the function department＇s right which maintains the country＇s running.People have the right of equality,independence and freedom.There should be international law of right to avoid the war among countries which disobeys human practical sense.The human being will move towards the universal union finally and realize the lasting peace,which are the request of reason and the arrangement of nature.This is Kant＇s philosophical system of the right law.