CAJ | 학술논문

通过对53名优秀游泳运动员进行问卷调查，了解优秀游泳运动员赛前生理、心理准备活动方法、步骤、时间、次数、强度等，尝试归纳总结游泳临赛前准备活动模式。结果显示：我国优秀游泳运动员准备活动模式相对固定，差异不大，但会在特殊情况下做出细微调整；游泳赛前准备活动模式包括赛前一晚制定比赛行为活动程序、比赛当天起床后的热身活动、陆上身体活动、临赛前水上活动、水上活动与比赛间隔及心理准备活动、检录前后的再活动、上出发台前的活动等；临赛前水上准备包括专项技术、生理机能调动、绝对强度和技战术部分；常用方法包括适应性热身游、主项技术游、上肢与下肢练习、主项强度游、短冲、比赛细节练习与整理放松等；临赛前心理准备活动方法包括呼吸调节、注意集中、表象演练、自我谈话等。
통과대53명우수유영운동원진행문권조사，료해우수유영운동원새전생리、심리준비활동방법、보취、시간、차수、강도등，상시귀납총결유영림새전준비활동모식。결과현시：아국우수유영운동원준비활동모식상대고정，차이불대，단회재특수정황하주출세미조정；유영새전준비활동모식포괄새전일만제정비새행위활동정서、비새당천기상후적열신활동、륙상신체활동、림새전수상활동、수상활동여비새간격급심리준비활동、검록전후적재활동、상출발태전적활동등；림새전수상준비포괄전항기술、생리궤능조동、절대강도화기전술부분；상용방법포괄괄응성열신유、주항기술유、상지여하지연습、주항강도유、단충、비새세절연습여정리방송등；림새전심리준비활동방법포괄호흡조절、주의집중、표상연련、자아담화등。
Through the questionnaire survey among 53 excellent swimmers, we found the method, process, time, frequency and intension of physical and psychological pre - match warm - up of them and tried to summarize the mode of warm - up before swimming competition. The result showed that the mode of our excellent national swimmers＇ warm -up is comparatively stable and will be adusted imperceptibly under some special conditions. The mode of warm - up before swimming competition included setting the competition tactics one night before, the activities after getting up on the competition day, onsite ground exercises, in - water exercises, psy- chological preparation between the intervals of competition, exercises before and after inspection and exercises before standing on the starting dive, etc. Pre - match on - water exercised included special technical section, adjustment of physiological enginery section, the certain intension section, technique and tactics section. The common method included adaptable warm - up swimming, technical swimming of main program, the exercises of upper limbs and lower limbs, intensive swimming of main program, short sprint, detailed exercises and relax. The method of pre - match psychological warm -up included adjustment of breath, attention centralization, per-formance drilling and self motivation.