CAJ | 학술논문

目的:调查吸毒者吸毒行为与性行为及其对艾滋病的态度、知识。方法:采用被调查者自行独立填写调查表,医务人员核实的方式，于1999年1月－3月对云南、新疆、湖北（武汉、宜昌）和北京等地区戒毒所收治的1115例吸毒者（男性占44.9％，女性占55.1％）进行调查。结果:92.9％(1036/1115)的吸毒者滥用的物质是海洛因，平均吸毒时间为5.2a±s3.4a；70.6％(730/1034)的吸毒者主要以静脉、肌肉注射方式滥用毒品，以注射方式吸毒平均时间为3.9a±s3.0a；曾与1人以上共用不洁注射器者占89.2％(651/730)，主要共用对象是吸毒伙伴(占58.5％)。共用注射器的主要原因是认为“清洗过，注射器是干净的”(占50.3％)。268例曾接受HIV检测，HIV检测阳性率为14.2％。HIV阳性吸毒者艾滋病知识平均得分显著低于HIV阴性吸毒者的得分(t=30.18,P<0.05)；4地区吸毒者艾滋病知识平均得分比较，以云南最高，新疆最低，差异具有显著性(F=10.78,P<0.05)。该群体中同2人或2人以上发生不正当性关系的占25.3％(267/1054)；有24.5％(217/884)的人是为获取钱或毒品而同他人发生性行为关系。在753例应答者中，各种传染病的患病率是：淋病占12.9％，梅毒占4.4％，尿道炎占34.7％，尖锐湿疣占4.8％，生殖器疱疹占5.3％，其它性病(STD)占3.9％，各种类型肝炎占31.6％。结论:吸毒者是HIV和各种STD感染的高危人群，主要危险因素是采用共用注射器方式吸毒和危险性行为，吸毒者缺乏有关艾滋病的知识是造成HIV和STD感染的一个重要因素。在HIV感染高危人群，特别是吸毒者中开展艾滋病预防和有效的干预已刻不容缓。
목적:조사흡독자흡독행위여성행위급기대애자병적태도、지식。방법:채용피조사자자행독립전사조사표,의무인원핵실적방식，우1999년1월－3월대운남、신강、호북（무한、의창）화북경등지구계독소수치적1115례흡독자（남성점44.9％，녀성점55.1％）진행조사。결과:92.9％(1036/1115)적흡독자람용적물질시해락인，평균흡독시간위5.2a±s3.4a；70.6％(730/1034)적흡독자주요이정맥、기육주사방식람용독품，이주사방식흡독평균시간위3.9a±s3.0a；증여1인이상공용불길주사기자점89.2％(651/730)，주요공용대상시흡독화반(점58.5％)。공용주사기적주요원인시인위“청세과，주사기시간정적”(점50.3％)。268례증접수HIV검측，HIV검측양성솔위14.2％。HIV양성흡독자애자병지식평균득분현저저우HIV음성흡독자적득분(t=30.18,P<0.05)；4지구흡독자애자병지식평균득분비교，이운남최고，신강최저，차이구유현저성(F=10.78,P<0.05)。해군체중동2인혹2인이상발생불정당성관계적점25.3％(267/1054)；유24.5％(217/884)적인시위획취전혹독품이동타인발생성행위관계。재753례응답자중，각충전염병적환병솔시：임병점12.9％，매독점4.4％，뇨도염점34.7％，첨예습우점4.8％，생식기포진점5.3％，기타성병(STD)점3.9％，각충류형간염점31.6％。결론:흡독자시HIV화각충STD감염적고위인군，주요위험인소시채용공용주사기방식흡독화위험성행위，흡독자결핍유관애자병적지식시조성HIV화STD감염적일개중요인소。재HIV감염고위인군，특별시흡독자중개전애자병예방화유효적간예이각불용완。
Objective: To survey and identify the knowledge and riskbehaviors concerning HIV/AIDS among drug abusers. Method: The survey was carried out among drug abusers in Yunnan, Xinjiang, Hubei and Beijing during January 1999 to March 1999. A self－reported questionnaire, which needs approximately 30 minutes to be completed, was administered in detoxification settings. All individuals were requested to complete the questionnaire independently without conferring with anyone else. Data analysis was dependent on the responses of different items. Result: Altogether 1115 drug abusers in 4 areas completed the questionnaire. Heroin was the most frequently abused drug(92.9％), and most of the abusers(70.6％) used drugs by iv or im injection routes. The mean duration of drug abuse was 5.2 a±s 3.4 a,and the mean length of time for injecting drugs was 3.9 a±s 3.0 a. Among 730 injecting drug abusers, 651(89.2％) had the behavior of sharing needles or syringes with someone else in the last 12 months. 38 HIV positive cases(14.2％) were found among 268 subjects who accepted HIV testing in 4 areas. The knowledge on AIDS was relatively poor among HIV positive cases and drug abusers from Xinjiang. The response to the question“During the past 12 months, have you been infected by transmitted diseases” showed that the rate of gonorrhea was 12.9％, Syphilis was 4.4％, condyloma was 4.8％, nongonococcal urethritis(NGU) was 34.7％, other STD was 3.9％, hepatitis was 31.6％ and other communicable diseases(CD)was 11.3％. Conclusion: The majority of drug abusers had high risk behavior associated with HIV infection. The knowledge about AIDS was poor in HIV positive cases. The effective strategies should be adopted to prevent and intervene AIDS in high risk groups, particularly in intravenous injection drug abusers.