CAJ | 학술논문

首次报道了条纹龙胆(Gentiana striata Maxim.)的胚胎学特征,研究结果用以讨论龙胆属狭蕊组(Gentiana Sect.Stenogyne)的系统演化关系.主要研究结果如下:花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层细胞仅来源于初生壁细胞,故绒毡层起源属单型起源,细胞具单核,原位退化,属腺质型绒毡层,药隔处的绒毡层细胞经多次平周分裂形成2层至多层的绒毡层细胞,其余部位的绒毡层细胞仍为1层细胞;中层细胞1层;在花药成熟时,花药的表皮细胞和药室内壁均部分纤维状加厚且柱状伸长.小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的排列主要为四面体形;成熟花粉为3-细胞型.子房为2心皮,1室,侧膜胎座.胚珠4列.薄珠心,单珠被,珠心基部产生珠被原基,进而形成珠被,条纹龙胆仅有1层珠被.珠被沿珠心向上生长并将珠心包围,于胚珠顶部形成珠孔.胚珠在发育过程中,整个胚珠的本体倒转,而且珠柄继续生长并弯曲,使珠孔与合点端的连线与珠柄垂直,形成Hypertropous胚珠.大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成的4个大孢子呈直列式排列,合点端的大孢子具功能.胚囊发育为蓼型.极核在受精前融合为次生核,反足细胞3个、多宿存.雄蕊先熟.珠孔受精.胚乳发育为核型.胚胎发育为茄型酸浆Ⅱ变型.通过比较龙胆属狭蕊组与龙胆属其它组和双蝴蝶属的胚胎学特征表明,龙胆属狭蕊组在一些重要的胚胎学特征上与双蝴蝶属较相似,而与龙胆属其它组存在较大差异,故建议应将龙胆属狭蕊组从龙胆属中移出.
수차보도료조문룡담(Gentiana striata Maxim.)적배태학특정,연구결과용이토론룡담속협예조(Gentiana Sect.Stenogyne)적계통연화관계.주요연구결과여하:화약사실;약벽발육위쌍자협형;융전층세포부래원우초생벽세포,고융전층기원속단형기원,세포구단핵,원위퇴화,속선질형융전층,약격처적융전층세포경다차평주분렬형성2층지다층적융전층세포,기여부위적융전층세포잉위1층세포;중층세포1층;재화약성숙시,화약적표피세포화약실내벽균부분섬유상가후차주상신장.소포자모세포감수분렬위동시형,사분체적배렬주요위사면체형;성숙화분위3-세포형.자방위2심피,1실,측막태좌.배주4렬.박주심,단주피,주심기부산생주피원기,진이형성주피,조문룡담부유1층주피.주피연주심향상생장병장주심포위,우배주정부형성주공.배주재발육과정중,정개배주적본체도전,이차주병계속생장병만곡,사주공여합점단적련선여주병수직,형성Hypertropous배주.대포자모세포감수분렬형성적4개대포자정직렬식배렬,합점단적대포자구공능.배낭발육위료형.겁핵재수정전융합위차생핵,반족세포3개、다숙존.웅예선숙.주공수정.배유발육위핵형.배태발육위가형산장Ⅱ변형.통과비교룡담속협예조여룡담속기타조화쌍호접속적배태학특정표명,룡담속협예조재일사중요적배태학특정상여쌍호접속교상사,이여룡담속기타조존재교대차이,고건의응장룡담속협예조종룡담속중이출.
This paper describes embryological characters of Gentiana striata Maxim.For the first time,The results are used to discuss the systematic position of Gentiana Sect.Stenogyne.Anthers are tetrasporangiate.The development of anther walls conforms to the dicotyledonous type.The tapetum cells origin from the primary parietal cells,and thus the tapetum is of single origin.The development of the tapetum with uninucleate cells is of the Glandular type.The tapetal cells on the connective side show radial elongation or periclinal division and intrude into the anther locule.There are one middle layers.Parts of the epidermis and endothecium persist and the cells become pillar and fibrous.Cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis is simultaneous type and the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral.Pollen grains are 3-celled.The ovary is bicarpellary and unilocular.The placentation is of reduced parietal placentae with 4 rows of ovules.The type of ovule is Hypertropous.The ovule is unitegmic and tenuinucellar.The embryo sac originates from a single-archesporial cell.The one chalazal megaspore in linear tetrad becomes functional.The development of embryo sac is of the Polygonum type.Before fertilization,two polar nuclei fuse into a secondary nucleus.Three antipodal cells persist.Flowers are protandrous.Fertilization is porogamous.The development of the endosperm is of the Nuclear type.The embryogeny corresponds to the Soland type Physalis Ⅱ variation type.The present paper indicates that Gentiana Sect.Stenogyne is more similar to Tripterospermum than to other sections of Gentiana in embryological characters.Sect.Stenogyne might be separated from Gentiana.