CAJ | 학술논문

随海拔的降低，秦岭北坡中山区森林土壤因温度、降水和植被类型的变化存在很大差异：高海拔地区发育的酸性湿润雏形土酸度较高，有机质含量十分丰富；与之相比，低海拔地区发育的简育湿润淋溶土有机质含量下降，但结构复杂，土壤具有粘化层。较高的有机质含量和特殊的有机质组成促进了纯针叶林土壤中硅酸盐矿物的溶解，释放出氧化铁并使之螯迁至土壤B层富集。环境因素决定了土壤酸度、有机质等特性，也影响土壤氧化铁的组成和分布。土壤粘粒含量与土体游离氧化铁含量显著相关，剖面铁的游离度与氧化铁全量无关，只与土壤发育程度有关。太白山北坡中山区土壤处于脱盐基富硅铝化的风化发育阶段。
수해발적강저，진령북파중산구삼림토양인온도、강수화식피류형적변화존재흔대차이：고해발지구발육적산성습윤추형토산도교고，유궤질함량십분봉부；여지상비，저해발지구발육적간육습윤림용토유궤질함량하강，단결구복잡，토양구유점화층。교고적유궤질함량화특수적유궤질조성촉진료순침협림토양중규산염광물적용해，석방출양화철병사지오천지토양B층부집。배경인소결정료토양산도、유궤질등특성，야영향토양양화철적조성화분포。토양점립함량여토체유리양화철함량현저상관，부면철적유리도여양화철전량무관，지여토양발육정도유관。태백산북파중산구토양처우탈염기부규려화적풍화발육계단。
The Taibai Mountain, with an altitude of 3 767 m, is the highest peak of the Qinling Mountain Chain. There are many kinds of climates, abundant vegetation resources, and typical altitudinal belts of soils on the slopes of the Taibai Mountain. The variations in temperature, precipitation and vegetation type are caused by the descending altitude on the northern slope of the Taibai Mountain. In the middle zone, the vegetation type varies from the pure conifer forest to the mixed conifer and broad-leaved forests. The climate on the middle zone of northern slope is frigid-temperate monsoonal climate and temperate monsoonal climate. With the descending of altitude, vegetation varies from pure conifer forest zonation to conifer and broad-leaved forest zonation. Great changes have taken place in the soil properties of this area. 　　Abundent organic matter is contented in the Acid-Udic Cambisols generated in the higher area. Compared with it, the Hap-Udic Luvisols generated in the lower zone has less organic matter, but the structure of the organic matter is more complex. The claying horizon has formed in the Hap-Udic Luvisols. The dissolution of the silicate mineral was accelerated because of the higher content and special composition of the organic matter under the conifer forest, then iron oxide was liberated and cheluviated to B horizon for enrichment. Environmental factors, such as temperature and precipitation influnce not only the formation and illuviation of clay, but also the content of Free and Amorphous Iron Oxides, the free degree, and activation degree. Judged from conformation of the iron oxides, combining the genetic characteristics, the tested soils are in the process of desalinization and silica-alumina enrichment.