中国地方病学杂志
中國地方病學雜誌
중국지방병학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENDEMIOLOGY
2012年
1期
64-67
,共4页
刘建%王三祥%王正辉%王大朋%李贞%金洹宇%刘星%王小平%安艳
劉建%王三祥%王正輝%王大朋%李貞%金洹宇%劉星%王小平%安豔
류건%왕삼상%왕정휘%왕대붕%리정%금원우%류성%왕소평%안염
砷中毒%饮水%食品%土壤%蔬菜%皮肤
砷中毒%飲水%食品%土壤%蔬菜%皮膚
신중독%음수%식품%토양%소채%피부
Arsenic poisoning%Drinking%Food%Soil%Vegetables%Skin
目的 调查山西省饮水型慢性砷中毒病区环境介质水、土壤以及自产粮食、蔬菜中的砷含量,了解该病区外环境中砷暴露水平,为病区地方性砷中毒的防治提供科学依据.方法 在山西省山阴县饮水型慢性砷中毒病区,按照《地方性砷中毒诊断标准》(WS/T 211-2001)选择126个家庭共309人作为调查对象,入户采集饮用水、土壤、当地自产粮食(小米、黍子)和蔬菜(马铃薯).水砷和粮食砷采用电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪(ICP-MS)检测,土壤和蔬菜通过原子荧光分光光度计(AFS)定量检测砷含量.按饮水含砷量分为5组(≤10,＞ 10～50,＞50 ～ 100,＞100～200,＞200 μg/L),以≤10 μg/L组作为参考值,分析水砷暴露与皮肤病变的关系.结果 在抽取的126份饮用水样品中,水砷范围为4.04～720.00 μg/L,中位数为87.75 μg/L,超标率为63.49％(80/126)；粮食砷浓度范围为0.16～4.58 mg/kg,中位数为0.66 mg/kg,超标率为98.73％(78/79)；土壤和蔬菜中砷含量范围分别为5.34～13.74 mg/kg和0～ 0.30 mg/kg.用标准参考人估算通过饮水、粮食、蔬菜每天摄入的无机砷量,并与世界卫生组织(WHO)规定无机砷最大日允许摄入量(MTDI)比较,粮食中总砷含量为0.17 mg/kg时无机砷的摄入量相当于水砷浓度为10μg/L时无机砷的摄入量.同时,分析水砷暴露与皮肤病变关联强度,组间比值比(OR)分别为3.219、9.001、56.127、97.734,呈递增趋势,地方性砷中毒皮肤病变发病危险性逐渐增加,进一步对水砷暴露水平与皮肤病变严重程度进行Spearman等级相关检验,r=0.501 (P＜0.05),水砷暴露与砷中毒的皮肤病变存在关联性且水砷暴露水平越高,皮肤病变程度越严重.结论 山西省山阴县饮水型慢性砷中毒病区饮用水、自产粮食砷含量偏高,而土壤和蔬菜砷含量不高.饮用高砷井水是导致慢性砷中毒的主要危险因素,通过饮食摄入的砷也不容忽视.
目的 調查山西省飲水型慢性砷中毒病區環境介質水、土壤以及自產糧食、蔬菜中的砷含量,瞭解該病區外環境中砷暴露水平,為病區地方性砷中毒的防治提供科學依據.方法 在山西省山陰縣飲水型慢性砷中毒病區,按照《地方性砷中毒診斷標準》(WS/T 211-2001)選擇126箇傢庭共309人作為調查對象,入戶採集飲用水、土壤、噹地自產糧食(小米、黍子)和蔬菜(馬鈴藷).水砷和糧食砷採用電感耦閤等離子體質譜聯用儀(ICP-MS)檢測,土壤和蔬菜通過原子熒光分光光度計(AFS)定量檢測砷含量.按飲水含砷量分為5組(≤10,＞ 10～50,＞50 ～ 100,＞100～200,＞200 μg/L),以≤10 μg/L組作為參攷值,分析水砷暴露與皮膚病變的關繫.結果 在抽取的126份飲用水樣品中,水砷範圍為4.04～720.00 μg/L,中位數為87.75 μg/L,超標率為63.49％(80/126)；糧食砷濃度範圍為0.16～4.58 mg/kg,中位數為0.66 mg/kg,超標率為98.73％(78/79)；土壤和蔬菜中砷含量範圍分彆為5.34～13.74 mg/kg和0～ 0.30 mg/kg.用標準參攷人估算通過飲水、糧食、蔬菜每天攝入的無機砷量,併與世界衛生組織(WHO)規定無機砷最大日允許攝入量(MTDI)比較,糧食中總砷含量為0.17 mg/kg時無機砷的攝入量相噹于水砷濃度為10μg/L時無機砷的攝入量.同時,分析水砷暴露與皮膚病變關聯彊度,組間比值比(OR)分彆為3.219、9.001、56.127、97.734,呈遞增趨勢,地方性砷中毒皮膚病變髮病危險性逐漸增加,進一步對水砷暴露水平與皮膚病變嚴重程度進行Spearman等級相關檢驗,r=0.501 (P＜0.05),水砷暴露與砷中毒的皮膚病變存在關聯性且水砷暴露水平越高,皮膚病變程度越嚴重.結論 山西省山陰縣飲水型慢性砷中毒病區飲用水、自產糧食砷含量偏高,而土壤和蔬菜砷含量不高.飲用高砷井水是導緻慢性砷中毒的主要危險因素,通過飲食攝入的砷也不容忽視.
목적 조사산서성음수형만성신중독병구배경개질수、토양이급자산양식、소채중적신함량,료해해병구외배경중신폭로수평,위병구지방성신중독적방치제공과학의거.방법 재산서성산음현음수형만성신중독병구,안조《지방성신중독진단표준》(WS/T 211-2001)선택126개가정공309인작위조사대상,입호채집음용수、토양、당지자산양식(소미、서자)화소채(마령서).수신화양식신채용전감우합등리자체질보련용의(ICP-MS)검측,토양화소채통과원자형광분광광도계(AFS)정량검측신함량.안음수함신량분위5조(≤10,＞ 10～50,＞50 ～ 100,＞100～200,＞200 μg/L),이≤10 μg/L조작위삼고치,분석수신폭로여피부병변적관계.결과 재추취적126빈음용수양품중,수신범위위4.04～720.00 μg/L,중위수위87.75 μg/L,초표솔위63.49％(80/126)；양식신농도범위위0.16～4.58 mg/kg,중위수위0.66 mg/kg,초표솔위98.73％(78/79)；토양화소채중신함량범위분별위5.34～13.74 mg/kg화0～ 0.30 mg/kg.용표준삼고인고산통과음수、양식、소채매천섭입적무궤신량,병여세계위생조직(WHO)규정무궤신최대일윤허섭입량(MTDI)비교,양식중총신함량위0.17 mg/kg시무궤신적섭입량상당우수신농도위10μg/L시무궤신적섭입량.동시,분석수신폭로여피부병변관련강도,조간비치비(OR)분별위3.219、9.001、56.127、97.734,정체증추세,지방성신중독피부병변발병위험성축점증가,진일보대수신폭로수평여피부병변엄중정도진행Spearman등급상관검험,r=0.501 (P＜0.05),수신폭로여신중독적피부병변존재관련성차수신폭로수평월고,피부병변정도월엄중.결론 산서성산음현음수형만성신중독병구음용수、자산양식신함량편고,이토양화소채신함량불고.음용고신정수시도치만성신중독적주요위험인소,통과음식섭입적신야불용홀시.
Objective To investigate the level of arsenic in environmental media and food stuffs including vegetables in water-born endemic arsenicosis area for provide a scientific basis for endemic arsenicosis of Shanxi province.Methods Samples of drinking water,soil,and glutinous broom corn,foxtail millet,and potato were collected from local families in water-born endemic arsenicosis area of Shanyin county,Shanxi province.According to “Diagnosis Standard for Endemic Arsenicosis” (WS/T 211-2001 ),totally 309 people from 126 families were choosen for the survey.The content of arsenic in drinking water,glutinous broom corn and foxtail millet was quantitatively determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The level of arsenic in soil and potato was measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometer(AFS).The water arsenic concentrations were divided into five groups,≤10,＞ 10 - 50,＞ 50 - 100,＞ 100 - 200,and ＞ 200 μ g/L,analysis the relationship between water arsenic exposure and skin lesions.Result In this study,126 water samples were collected.Arsenic concentrations in drinking water were 4.04 - 720.00 μg/L,the median value was 87.75 μg/L,and the ratio of arsenic level higher than the Chinese standards for drinking water(50 μg/L) was 63.49％(80/126).The levels of arsenic in food were 0.16 - 4.58 mg/kg,the median value of arsenic in food was 0.66 mg/kg,and 98.73％(78/79) of arsenic exceeded 0.2 mg/kg.Arsenic concentrations in soil and vegetable were 5.34 - 13.74 mg/kg and 0 - 0.30 mg/kg,respectively.Predicted inorganic arsenic intake from food and vegetable was modeled with the equivalent intake from drinking water for a typical Chinese diet.Daily consumption of grain with a total arsenic level of 0.17 mg/kg would be equivalent to a drinking water arsenic level of 10 μg/L.Otherwise,adjusted with gender and age,symptoms of skin lesions correlated positively with water arsenic concentrations in all subjects.The OR values were 3.219,9.001,56.127,and 97.734 for each group,respectively.Rank correlation test using Chi-square test and Spearman correlation test showed that the severity of skin lesions was associated with the increasing of arsenic content in water(x2 =128.747,P ＜ 0.05; r =0.501,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Arsenic levels in both drinking water and food are high in water-born endemic arsenicosis area of Shanxi province,and in soil and vegetables are not high.Arsenic in drinking water has been considered as a main risk factor of skin lesions,and dietary intake of arsenic through foodstuff can not be ignored.
