CAJ | 학술논문

利用渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲30个观测井近10a的统计资料,分析了该三角洲地下水位和水质的时空变化特征及其成因.结果显示:(1) 地下水埋深的基本规律是西部灌区、渭干河古河带和冲积扇上部地下水位较深,东部灌区、农牧交错带和冲积扇下部地下水位较浅;研究区地下水海拔高程自南向北升高;地下水埋深受制于局部地形和土地利用方式,与区域地势关系不大. (2) 近10 a来,研究区地下水位下降了1.00 m,西部灌区下降了1.34 m,农牧交错带下降了0.41 m;矿化度平均降低了0.54 g/L,农牧交错带降低了1.36 g/L,渭干河古河带矿化度升高了0.43 g/L.(3) 研究区年内最高地下水位和最低水位平均相差0.84 m,冲积扇中部相差1.04 m,冲积扇上部相差0.73 m,2月出现最低水位,4月出现最高水位;地下水质年内最高和最低矿化度季节相差0.21 g/L,冲积扇下部0.51 g/L,中部为0.17 g/L.(4) 人类农业生产活动和蒸发作用是地下水埋深及水质时空变化的主要原因;研究区骨干排水沟渠的开通运行,降低了相应地域的地下水位和矿化度.
이용위간하-고차하삼각주록주30개관측정근10a적통계자료,분석료해삼각주지하수위화수질적시공변화특정급기성인.결과현시:(1) 지하수매심적기본규률시서부관구、위간하고하대화충적선상부지하수위교심,동부관구、농목교착대화충적선하부지하수위교천;연구구지하수해발고정자남향북승고;지하수매심수제우국부지형화토지이용방식,여구역지세관계불대. (2) 근10 a래,연구구지하수위하강료1.00 m,서부관구하강료1.34 m,농목교착대하강료0.41 m;광화도평균강저료0.54 g/L,농목교착대강저료1.36 g/L,위간하고하대광화도승고료0.43 g/L.(3) 연구구년내최고지하수위화최저수위평균상차0.84 m,충적선중부상차1.04 m,충적선상부상차0.73 m,2월출현최저수위,4월출현최고수위;지하수질년내최고화최저광화도계절상차0.21 g/L,충적선하부0.51 g/L,중부위0.17 g/L.(4) 인류농업생산활동화증발작용시지하수매심급수질시공변화적주요원인;연구구골간배수구거적개통운행,강저료상응지역적지하수위화광화도.
According to the data from the 30 observation wells which are distributed in the delta oasis of the Weigan River and Kuqa River, we analyze the temporal and spatial variation features of the underground water level and water quality during recent 10a in this area. The results show that (1) The absolute elevation of the groundwater rise from south to north in the study area, and the river flows from north to south or southeast, but the depth of the groundwater is not impacted by the big grain, and it is controlled by the local geomorphy and the way of land use. The basic law to the depth of the groundwater is that it is deeper in the western agricultural district, the Furukawa of the Weigan River and in the north of the alluvial fan, but it is lower in the eastern agricultural district, the farming-pastoral zone, and in the north of the alluvial fan. (2) During the last decade, the groundwater level dropped by 1.00 m, and the largest decline amplitude is 1.34 m in the western irrigation district; and the smallest decline amplitude is 0.41 m in the farming-pastoral zone; the groundwater salinity reduces 0.54 g/L in average, and the largest decline amplitude of the salinity is 1.36 g/L in the farming-pastoral zone, but it rises by 0.43 g/L in the Furukawa of the Weigan River. (3) Because of the irrigation and evaporation, there are some differences to the groundwater level in a year and water quality in the study areas. The difference is 0.84 m between the highest and the lowest water level in a year, and the biggest difference is 1.04 m in the central of the alluvial fan, and the smallest is 0.73 m in the north (the upstream), and in the normal year, the lowest water level is on February, and the highest on April; There is a little change to the water quality of the groundwater in a year, and the difference is only 0.21 g/L between the highest and the lowest salinity seasons in a year, and the biggest difference is 0.51 g/L in the south of the alluvial fan(the downstream) during the different seasons, and the smallest is 0.17 g/L in the central of the alluvial fan. (4) Evaporation and human activities of agricultural production are the main reasons for the temporal and spatial variation of the depth of the groundwater and water quality, and with the opening and running of the main drainage ditch, lowering the groundwater level and salinity of the corresponding terrene.