CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]研究膜荚黄芪传粉昆虫的种类及其传粉特点,为膜荚黄芪的育种奠定理论基础.[方法]以膜荚黄芪为研究对象,调查膜荚黄芪传粉昆虫的种类及访花行为.日活动规律观测在晴天进行,7:00～18:00每1 h绕样地走1圈,约用时间3 min,记录每一时间段出现在视野里的不同昆虫种类和数量.盛花期在样地于晴天7:00～18:00对每种传粉昆虫固定1头进行跟踪观测,用秒表记录其在花上停留时间.访花频率采用追踪法,尽可能连续记录其整个访花过程及时间.[结果]膜荚黄芪访花昆虫共有16种,其中红光熊蜂、明亮熊蜂、蜜蜂、狭带贝食蚜蝇和斑缘豆粉蝶为主要传粉昆虫;主要传粉昆虫的日活动规律出现单峰型、双峰型和直线型3种,活动高峰期有一定交错.在正常气候条件下,蜜蜂和食蚜蝇呈双峰活动规律,蜜蜂在7:30～11:00和13:30～15:00有高峰,食蚜蝇在早晨和傍晚有高峰;斑缘豆粉蝶在11:00～13:00出现1个活动高峰,为单峰型;红光熊蜂和明亮熊蜂在1 d中的数量比较稳定,除了在1 d中最热的一段时间,都可观察到它们的传粉活动,为直线型.红光熊蜂和明亮熊蜂的每小花停留时间相似,分别为(2.05±0.07) s和(2.57±0.05) s,蜜蜂的每小花停留时间为(3.78±0.13) s,食蚜蝇为(5.28±0.16) s,斑缘豆粉蝶的每小花停留时间最长,达(46.72±2.79) s.红光熊蜂访花频率最高,为11.4次/min,明亮熊蜂、蜜蜂、食蚜蝇的访花频率处于中间状态,分别为10.7、7.1、2.7次/min,斑缘豆粉蝶访花频率最低,为0.9次/min.昆虫的传粉频率与停留时间呈负相关关系.[结论]昆虫访花行为对植物与传粉者相互作用等方面产生直接影响,对理解植物多样性与生殖生态过程具有重要意义.
[목적]연구막협황기전분곤충적충류급기전분특점,위막협황기적육충전정이론기출.[방법]이막협황기위연구대상,조사막협황기전분곤충적충류급방화행위.일활동규률관측재청천진행,7:00～18:00매1 h요양지주1권,약용시간3 min,기록매일시간단출현재시야리적불동곤충충류화수량.성화기재양지우청천7:00～18:00대매충전분곤충고정1두진행근종관측,용초표기록기재화상정류시간.방화빈솔채용추종법,진가능련속기록기정개방화과정급시간.[결과]막협황기방화곤충공유16충,기중홍광웅봉、명량웅봉、밀봉、협대패식아승화반연두분접위주요전분곤충;주요전분곤충적일활동규률출현단봉형、쌍봉형화직선형3충,활동고봉기유일정교착.재정상기후조건하,밀봉화식아승정쌍봉활동규률,밀봉재7:30～11:00화13:30～15:00유고봉,식아승재조신화방만유고봉;반연두분접재11:00～13:00출현1개활동고봉,위단봉형;홍광웅봉화명량웅봉재1 d중적수량비교은정,제료재1 d중최열적일단시간,도가관찰도타문적전분활동,위직선형.홍광웅봉화명량웅봉적매소화정류시간상사,분별위(2.05±0.07) s화(2.57±0.05) s,밀봉적매소화정류시간위(3.78±0.13) s,식아승위(5.28±0.16) s,반연두분접적매소화정류시간최장,체(46.72±2.79) s.홍광웅봉방화빈솔최고,위11.4차/min,명량웅봉、밀봉、식아승적방화빈솔처우중간상태,분별위10.7、7.1、2.7차/min,반연두분접방화빈솔최저,위0.9차/min.곤충적전분빈솔여정류시간정부상관관계.[결론]곤충방화행위대식물여전분자상호작용등방면산생직접영향,대리해식물다양성여생식생태과정구유중요의의.
[Objective The aim was to study species and pollinating characters of Astragalus membranaceus (Ficsh) Bunge pollinating insects and lay a theory foundation for the breeding of Astragalus membranaceus (Ficsh) Bunge. [Method] With Astragalus membranaceus (Ficsh) Bunge as research object, the species of pollinating insect and pollination behavior were investigated. [Result] There were 16 pollinating insect species, among which, Bombus ignitus, Bombus lucoru, Apis sp., Betasyrphus serarius(wiedemann) and Colias erate (Esper) were the main pollinators. The daily activities of the main pollinators appear single-peak type, double-peak type and linear,which indicating a complementary relationship among the pollinators. The visiting frequency and landing time of main pollinating insects showed negative correlation. [Conclusion] The insect flower-visiting behavior has a direct effect on interaction between plant and pollinator, and has significance on understanding plant diversity as well as reproductive ecological process.