CAJ | 학술논문

采用野外定位观测方法,在2008年6～9月期间选取16个晴夜,在三江平原典型毛苔草、漂筏苔草(Ass.Carex pseudocuraica-Carex lasiocarpa)沼泽地及其邻近大豆地中,在距地表0.5 m、1.5 m、3 m和5 m四个高度上进行了气温和相对湿度观测;根据实测数据,分析了沼泽地和大豆地各高度夜间气温和相对湿度的分布规律及其差异.研究结果显示,晴夜,沼泽地和大豆地近地层气温的垂直分布都为逆温分布,与之相对应,二者的相对湿度垂直分布都为湿型分布;以四个高度的16夜平均气温和相对湿度为基础数据,计算得到的沼泽地近地层气温(相对湿度)的垂直递增(减)率为0.53 ℃/m(1.76%/m),大豆地则为0.34 ℃/m(1.35%/m),沼泽地近地层气温(相对湿度)的垂直递增(减)率略大(小);对比两种下垫面晴夜各观测高度的气温和相对湿度,发现只在0.5 m高度上二者有明显差异,沼泽地16夜平均的气温比大豆地低0.85 ℃,其相对湿度比大豆地高4.39%,这是因为沼泽地植被冠层的平均高度接近0.5 m,夜间植被冠层的长波辐射最强,所以其气温相对较低,相对湿度相对偏高,而大豆地的最低气温出现在地面;沼泽地和大豆地各高度气温(相对湿度)的夜间变化规律相似,都为随时间递减(增)的分布.
채용야외정위관측방법,재2008년6～9월기간선취16개청야,재삼강평원전형모태초、표벌태초(Ass.Carex pseudocuraica-Carex lasiocarpa)소택지급기린근대두지중,재거지표0.5 m、1.5 m、3 m화5 m사개고도상진행료기온화상대습도관측;근거실측수거,분석료소택지화대두지각고도야간기온화상대습도적분포규률급기차이.연구결과현시,청야,소택지화대두지근지층기온적수직분포도위역온분포,여지상대응,이자적상대습도수직분포도위습형분포;이사개고도적16야평균기온화상대습도위기출수거,계산득도적소택지근지층기온(상대습도)적수직체증(감)솔위0.53 ℃/m(1.76%/m),대두지칙위0.34 ℃/m(1.35%/m),소택지근지층기온(상대습도)적수직체증(감)솔략대(소);대비량충하점면청야각관측고도적기온화상대습도,발현지재0.5 m고도상이자유명현차이,소택지16야평균적기온비대두지저0.85 ℃,기상대습도비대두지고4.39%,저시인위소택지식피관층적평균고도접근0.5 m,야간식피관층적장파복사최강,소이기기온상대교저,상대습도상대편고,이대두지적최저기온출현재지면;소택지화대두지각고도기온(상대습도)적야간변화규률상사,도위수시간체감(증)적분포.
Air temperature and relative humidity at the height of 0.5 m, 1.5 m, 3 m and 5m over carex pseudocuraica-Carex lasiocarpa marsh and adjacent soybean field were observed at 16 clear nights (20∶00 to 04∶00) in the Sanjiang Plain during June to September in 2008. Air temperature and relative humidity patterns of the marsh and soybean field and comparison between them at clear nights were studied in this paper. The results indicated that vertical pattern of the temperature was inversion pattern and that of relative humidity was wet pattern over both the marsh and soybean field. Vertical increase rates of average temperature for 16 clear nights at 4 heights in the marsh and soybean field were 0.53 ℃/m and 0.34 ℃/m, respectively, and their vertical decrease rates of relative humidity were 1.76%/m and 1.35%/m. Nocturnal variation pattern of air temperature and relative humidity in both the marsh and soybean field were similar. Air temperature decreased with time when relative humidity increased as a whole. Comparing the differences of average air temperature and relative humidity for 16 clear nights between the marsh and soybean field at each height, it was found that there was a significant difference between them at 0.5 m height. There was lower air temperature and higher relative humidity in the marsh than those in the soybean field, and the values of differences were 0.85 ℃ and 4.39%, respectively. With the height increasing, the differences that caused by different surface conditions of the two underlying surface became smaller. The maximum and minimum air temperature difference between the marsh and soybean field for 16 clear nights appeared at 20∶00 and 02∶00, and the values were 1.02 ℃ and 0.75 ℃; the maximum and minimum relative humidity difference between the marsh and soybean field for 16 clear nights appeared at 01∶00 and 20∶00, and the values were 5.06% and 3.66%. The height of minimum air temperature occurred became lower after marsh was changed into soybean field. The underlying surface could not influence the air temperature and relative humidity at 1.5 m height or higher height.