CAJ | 학술논문

肺以及气道与外界环境之间存在着巨大的界面, 因此需要有效的防御反射机制.呼吸道感受器是肺部神经反射的起始点, 其重要性不言而喻.采用组织、解剖与电生理学方法, 经过一个世纪的研究, 我们对于呼吸道感受器的认识, 特别对其结构的认识, 仍然有限.据电生理实验结果, 肺部感受器至少可被分为三大类: 慢适应感受器、快适应感受器以及C纤维感受器.按血供来源, 后者又可分为气道(体循环)与肺(肺循环)两类.近来发现呼吸道中存在着第四类感受器, 它们由迷走神经的Aδ传入纤维传递冲动, 其放电活动不同于上述各类, 对肺充气反应阈值高, 故称之为高阈值Aδ感受器.功能上前两类基本属于机械性感受器, 而后两类可归为化学敏感性感受器.另外, 用组织学方法, 观察到气道内有一些神经内分泌细胞, 它们可以散在分布, 亦可集聚成小体.这些神经上皮小体受多种神经支配, 其结构复杂, 形态酷似感受器.虽然我们对其形态了解颇深, 但对其放电形式一无所知.本文对以上各类感受器进行了评述与探讨.
폐이급기도여외계배경지간존재착거대적계면, 인차수요유효적방어반사궤제.호흡도감수기시폐부신경반사적기시점, 기중요성불언이유.채용조직、해부여전생이학방법, 경과일개세기적연구, 아문대우호흡도감수기적인식, 특별대기결구적인식, 잉연유한.거전생리실험결과, 폐부감수기지소가피분위삼대류: 만괄응감수기、쾌괄응감수기이급C섬유감수기.안혈공래원, 후자우가분위기도(체순배)여폐(폐순배)량류.근래발현호흡도중존재착제사류감수기, 타문유미주신경적Aδ전입섬유전체충동, 기방전활동불동우상술각류, 대폐충기반응역치고, 고칭지위고역치Aδ감수기.공능상전량류기본속우궤계성감수기, 이후량류가귀위화학민감성감수기.령외, 용조직학방법, 관찰도기도내유일사신경내분비세포, 타문가이산재분포, 역가집취성소체.저사신경상피소체수다충신경지배, 기결구복잡, 형태혹사감수기.수연아문대기형태료해파심, 단대기방전형식일무소지.본문대이상각류감수기진행료평술여탐토.
Breathing is critically depending on a variety of sensory feedbacks from multiple sources for its optimal performance. The sensory information from the lung and airways probably provides one of the most important feedbacks to adjust the respiratory controller to generate optimal breathing movements. Since Breuer and Hering made the seminal report regarding role of the vagus nerve in control of breathing in 1868, airway sensory receptors have been a subject for intensive and extensive studies. After more than a century investigation, our knowledge accumulates immensely, however, our understanding of the nature of these sensory receptors is still far from complete. This brief review provides an overview on this topic.