CAJ | 학술논문

迷走神经与神经-免疫交互作用密切相关.在呼吸道中,迷走神经传入纤维末梢上的伤害性感受器能被多种细胞因子、炎性介质和免疫调质激活.在炎症过程中,细胞膜磷脂在磷脂酶A2作用下释放花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA),后者再经不同的酶促反应产生多种脂类代谢物.与其它的炎性介质一样,这些代谢物在炎症反应中可以激活呼吸道感受器并发挥重要作用.有些AA代谢物直接与感觉神经末梢上的受体结合,产生神经冲动并传向中枢,引起反射性效应;有些作用于感觉末梢周围的组织,改变肺的机械特性,从而刺激感觉传入神经;有些提高感觉神经末梢对机械或化学刺激的敏感性,从而增强其反应;还有些可以产生其它介质或调质而触发反射效应,或者引起炎症细胞的聚集而产生局部效应.总之,AA代谢产物有多种来源,并通过多种途径刺激呼吸道中的伤害性感受器.本综述对此进行了探讨,希望有助于阐明呼吸道炎症反应的机理.
미주신경여신경-면역교호작용밀절상관.재호흡도중,미주신경전입섬유말소상적상해성감수기능피다충세포인자、염성개질화면역조질격활.재염증과정중,세포막린지재린지매A2작용하석방화생사희산(arachidonic acid,AA),후자재경불동적매촉반응산생다충지류대사물.여기타적염성개질일양,저사대사물재염증반응중가이격활호흡도감수기병발휘중요작용.유사AA대사물직접여감각신경말소상적수체결합,산생신경충동병전향중추,인기반사성효응;유사작용우감각말소주위적조직,개변폐적궤계특성,종이자격감각전입신경;유사제고감각신경말소대궤계혹화학자격적민감성,종이증강기반응;환유사가이산생기타개질혹조질이촉발반사효응,혹자인기염증세포적취집이산생국부효응.총지,AA대사산물유다충래원,병통과다충도경자격호흡도중적상해성감수기.본종술대차진행료탐토,희망유조우천명호흡도염증반응적궤리.
Arachidonic acid (AA) in the cell membrane produces a variety of metabolites by different enzymatic pathways. These lipid metabolites, along with other mediators, play an important role in the inflammatory processes. Many of them can bind directly to the receptors on the sensory endings and initiate electrical impulses to be transmitted to the central nervous system, causing reflex responses. These bioactive AA metabolites may also alter the lung mechanics (mechanical environment of the sensory ending), and in turn, stimulate sensory afferents. In addition, some metabolites may sensitize the sensory endings and make them more responsive to other mechanical or chemical stimulation. These metabolites may also induce other mediators and modulators to cause physiological effects. Furthermore, some of them may attract inflammatory cells to produce a localized effect. In short, AA metabolites may come from different sources and act through multiple pathways to stimulate airway sensors. This brief review is intended to illustrate the underlying mechanisms and help elucidate the inflammatory process in the airways.