CAJ | 학술논문

根据黄土高原地区降水缺乏的自然条件,该文提出了300mm到600mm地区用于造林的集水设计与施工方法.这种集水系统由不同形式、大小的种植区与产流区组成的微型集水区形成,其设计依据主要是降雨、产流区的径流系数、来自树木和土壤的蒸散、土壤水分亏缺及降水资源环境容量等等.经过YJG(有机硅化学处理)处理的产流区、拍光压实产流区和自然坡面的径流系数分别为0.8-0.89,0.23-0.36,0.08-0.10.根据彭曼法计算的土壤水分亏缺量在50 mm到300mm之间.在降雨量为400mm的地区经过ⅥG处理之后用材林每株林木的产流面积为3-4m2,经济树种为8-10 m2;经过压光拍实处理之后用材林每株林木的产流面积为6-8m2,经济树种为10-12m2;自然坡面对于用材林每株林木的产流区面积为8-10m2,经济树种为12-15m2.采用这种系统经过YJG处理产流区、拍光压实产流区和保持自然坡面的微型集水区中树木的蒸腾量分别是总集水量的47.65%-53.31%,24.10%-36.93%和18.65%-29.55%.这种大面积应用于黄土高原地区的系统被称为径流林业.
근거황토고원지구강수결핍적자연조건,해문제출료300mm도600mm지구용우조림적집수설계여시공방법.저충집수계통유불동형식、대소적충식구여산류구조성적미형집수구형성,기설계의거주요시강우、산류구적경류계수、래자수목화토양적증산、토양수분우결급강수자원배경용량등등.경과YJG(유궤규화학처리)처리적산류구、박광압실산류구화자연파면적경류계수분별위0.8-0.89,0.23-0.36,0.08-0.10.근거팽만법계산적토양수분우결량재50 mm도300mm지간.재강우량위400mm적지구경과ⅥG처리지후용재림매주림목적산류면적위3-4m2,경제수충위8-10 m2;경과압광박실처리지후용재림매주림목적산류면적위6-8m2,경제수충위10-12m2;자연파면대우용재림매주림목적산류구면적위8-10m2,경제수충위12-15m2.채용저충계통경과YJG처리산류구、박광압실산류구화보지자연파면적미형집수구중수목적증등량분별시총집수량적47.65%-53.31%,24.10%-36.93%화18.65%-29.55%.저충대면적응용우황토고원지구적계통피칭위경류임업.
On the basis of natural conditions of lack of rainfall on the Loess Plateau, this paper presents a method of design and construction in rainwater harvesting system for afforestation, which is suitable to the regions of 300-600 mm rainfall. The system consists of micro-catchments of various forms and sizes that include planting areas, where trees are planted and trapped runoff, and contributing areas, where overland flow arc produced by rainfall. The design is based on rainfall, runoff coefficients of contributing areas, evapotranspiration of trees and soil surface, water deficiency of soil, and environmental capacity of precipitation in the region, and so on. Runoff coefficient of contributing areas with YJG (organic silicon chemical treatment), compacted surface soil slope and natural slope micro-catchments, are 0.8-0.89, 0.23-0.36, and 0.08-0.10 respectively. According to the Penman method, the soil water deficiency varies from 50 mm to 300 mm. In the region of 400 mm precipitation, the contributing area treated with YJG is 3-4 m2 for timber forests, 8-10 m2 for cash trees respectively; the contributing area treated with compacted soil surface is 6-8 m2 for timber forests, 10-12 m2 for cash trees respectively; the contributing area of natural slope is 8-10 m2 for timber forests, 12-15 m2 for cash trees respectively. Transpiration from trees of micro-catchment in YJG, compacted surface soil and natural slope treatment is by 47.65%-53.31%,24.10 %-36.93 %, and 18.65 %-29.55 % of total rainfall (rainfall and harvested rainwater) respectively after the system was applied in the region. This system, which has been widely practising on the Loess Plateau, is now known as runoff forestry.