CAJ | 학술논문

目的评估广东省市、县农村饮用水监测实验室的检测能力和水平,确保全省农村饮用水监测结果准确可靠.方法国家有证标准样晶水质砷、氟化物和氯化物各90份,编号后分发至全省90个实验室检测,采用"标准值±扩展不确定度"评价检测结果,并用稳健统计评价法作比较评价.结果全省参加实验室均准时反馈实验结果.砷采用氢化物原子荧光法和锌-硫酸系统新银盐分光光度法、氟化物和氯化物采用离子色谱法测定结果的满意率较高.全省农村饮用水监测实验室水质砷、氟化物和氯化物标准样品考核平均满意率分别为66%(59/90)、72%(65/90)和72%(65/90),3个项目的考核结果均不满意为7.8%(7/90).砷、氟化物和氯化物结果采用稳健统计法评价的满意率均大干不确定度评价法的满意率,且样本数小.偏差大.结论广东省农村饮用水监测实验室的检测能力有所提高,但与国家对农村饮用水监测点实验室检测能力和质量控制的要求还存在一定差距.实验室内部质量控制应纳入日常检验工作,提高实验室的检测技术水平.
목적 평고광동성시、현농촌음용수감측실험실적검측능력화수평,학보전성농촌음용수감측결과준학가고.방법 국가유증표준양정수질신、불화물화록화물각90빈,편호후분발지전성90개실험실검측,채용"표준치±확전불학정도"평개검측결과,병용은건통계평개법작비교평개.결과 전성삼가실험실균준시반궤실험결과.신채용경화물원자형광법화자-류산계통신은염분광광도법、불화물화록화물채용리자색보법측정결과적만의솔교고.전성농촌음용수감측실험실수질신、불화물화록화물표준양품고핵평균만의솔분별위66%(59/90)、72%(65/90)화72%(65/90),3개항목적 고핵결과균불만의위7.8%(7/90).신、불화물화록화물결과채용은건통계법평개적만의솔균대간불학정도평개법적만의솔,차양본수소.편차대.결론 광동성농촌음용수감측실험실적검측능력유소제고,단여국가대농촌음용수감측점실험실검측능력화질량공제적요구환존재일정차거.실험실내부질량공제응납입일상검험공작,제고실험실적검측기술수평.
Objective To assess the proficiency of water monitoring laboratory at rural, county, and provincial levels in Guangdong province, to ensure the province's drinking water monitoring results accurate and reliable. Methods State quality of certified reference materials as water arsenic, fluoride and chloride of 90 copies each were numbered and distributed to 90 monitoring laboratories in the province for testing, The measurement results of the participatory labs were evaluated through normative values and expanded uncertainty, and were compared with those of robust statistics method. Results All participatory labs had timely feedback of their measurement results. The qualified rate was higher when arsenic was tested by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry and zinc-new silver salt of sulfuric acid spectrophotometric system, while fluoride and chloride by ion chromatography. The average qualified rates of water arsenic, fluoride and chloride of the province's rural drinking water quality monitoring laboratory were 66% (59/90), 72% (65/90) and 72% (65/90), respectively.Seven participatory labs failed the proficiency testing of all three analytes and unqualified rate was 7.8% (7/90)among the ninety participated monitoring labs. The qualified rates of robust statistics method for arsenic fluoride and chloride were greater than those evaluated by the expanded uncertainty, and large deviations with small sample sizes. Conclusions The testing ability of drink-water monitoring labs in Guangdong province has improved.However, by comparison with the requirements of national quality control and testing skills, there is still a gap. It is suggested that internal quality control be included in routine inspeetion to improve laboratory testing technology.