CAJ | 학술논문

通过对近年国内外医学地理和环境健康相关领域的文献检索分析发现,人口健康是当前国际地理学和环境科学研究的核心内容之一,其研究趋势可以归纳为以下几个方面:①重视全球环境变化对人类健康的影响.包括全球大气组成改变(气候变化和臭氧层耗散)对健康的影响、土地利用/土地覆被变化与健康、全球环境变化与传染病、食物生产系统改变与健康和城市化与健康等;②环境健康风险评估领域进一步拓展,除重金属、持久性有机污染物等有毒有害污染物的健康风险外,有关生态、灾害和场地环境污染对健康影响的综合风险评估日益受到重视;③重视社会人文因素与自然因素交互作用对健康的影响,特别是经济发展和城市化过程中收入、产品和服务分配不均造成的卫生不公平对健康的影响;④重视人口老龄化过程的时空差异及其对社会的影响和老龄人口的健康、医疗与养老需求及其可达性研究;⑤地理信息系统和模型等技术被广泛用于疾病和健康的空间数据管理、空间分布规律和空间影响因素分析等领域.并为疾病监测、卫生管理和卫生规划提供了强有力的技术支撑.随着国内在相关领域需求和国际交流的增加.我国近年的相关研究有了较大的发展并得到国际社会的认可,医学地理作为一门学科,在我国人口健康研究中正发挥越来越重要的作用.
통과대근년국내외의학지리화배경건강상관영역적문헌검색분석발현,인구건강시당전국제지이학화배경과학연구적핵심내용지일,기연구추세가이귀납위이하궤개방면:①중시전구배경변화대인류건강적영향.포괄전구대기조성개변(기후변화화취양층모산)대건강적영향、토지이용/토지복피변화여건강、전구배경변화여전염병、식물생산계통개변여건강화성시화여건강등;②배경건강풍험평고영역진일보탁전,제중금속、지구성유궤오염물등유독유해오염물적건강풍험외,유관생태、재해화장지배경오염대건강영향적종합풍험평고일익수도중시;③중시사회인문인소여자연인소교호작용대건강적영향,특별시경제발전화성시화과정중수입、산품화복무분배불균조성적위생불공평대건강적영향;④중시인구노령화과정적시공차이급기대사회적영향화노령인구적건강、의료여양로수구급기가체성연구;⑤지리신식계통화모형등기술피엄범용우질병화건강적공간수거관리、공간분포규률화공간영향인소분석등영역.병위질병감측、위생관리화위생규화제공료강유력적기술지탱.수착국내재상관영역수구화국제교류적증가.아국근년적상관연구유료교대적발전병득도국제사회적인가,의학지리작위일문학과,재아국인구건강연구중정발휘월래월중요적작용.
Human health is one of the key issues either in geographical or environmental science studies in last years. The interested topics can be cataloged as follows: (1) Health issues from global environment change (GEC), including health threats of atmospheric composition change and land use/land cover changes, infectious diseases, food-producing system and health, and health impacts from urbanization. (2) Environmental health risk assessment, including health risks from environmental pollutants (either heavy metals or POPs in air, soil or water), ecological degeneration and natural/human induced hazards. (3) Social determinants of human health, especially health equity. (4) Aging issues, including the health/care demands of old population and their impacts on health/care system. (5) Medical geographical information system, including disease monitoring, modeling and health management. With the fast development of medical geography in China, Chinese scientists have not only engaged in international programme/project planning, but also taken some top position in international organization. The progress of medical geography research in China can be summarized as the following aspects: (1) Geography of endemic diseases is still the study emphasis; (2) The theory of environmental health risk assessment has been generally accepted and the health risk assessing technique of environmental pollution is gradually standardized; (3) The health impacts of global environmental changes on China's population have begun to attract more attention; (4) With rapid urbanization, environmental health problems in urban and rural areas receive universal recognition; (5) RS, GIS and models are adopted in the study of medical geography. Additionally, ageing and longevity issues, as well as the human dimensions on health, and public health risks assessment of disasters, will be the new research focus of medical geography in China.