CAJ | 학술논문

为了明确灌水次数和施氮量对高产冬小麦群体动态和产量的影响,分别于2006-2007、2007-2008年度在保定市和藁城市用当地冬小麦推广品种河农822和石新616研究了不同灌水次数(在保证底墒基础上全生育期灌0、1、2和3水,分别用W0、W1、W2和W3表示)和施氮量(0、112.5和225 kg/ha,分别用N0、N1和N2表示)对小麦群体动态和产量的影响.结果表明,2006-2007年度灌水次数和施氮量对小麦总茎(穗)数的影响较显著.W1、W2和W3的成穗数显著高于W0,W1、W2、W3之间差异不显著.3个施氮水平间各生育时期的总茎数均差异显著,且随施氮量增加而增大.大部分生育时期不同灌水次数的LAI差异不显著,而不同施氮量的LAI差异显著,N2的LAI显著高于N1和N0.灌水次数对穗数和千粒重影响显著,施氮量对穗数和穗粒数影响显著,以致灌水次数和施氮量对小麦产量的主效应均达到显著标准.4种灌水水平的产量以W3最高,W0最低;3个施氮量中N1产量最高,N0最低.灌水次数和施氮量对小麦产量和各产量构成因素的交互作用显著,W0和W1条件下产量随施氮量增加而提高,而W2和W3条件下N1产量最高,且与N0差异显著.2007-2008年度试验中,灌水次数和施氮量对各生育时期的总茎数、LAI和产量的影响均不显著.根据本研究结果可知,在河北平原地区常年降水(小麦全生育期100 mm左右)和中等肥力条件下全生育期灌溉3次,施氮量为N 112.5～225 kg/ha以及丰水降雨年份和较高肥力条件下全生育期灌溉1或2次,相应地施氮225或112.5 kg/ha,可以分别取得较理想的产量.
위료명학관수차수화시담량대고산동소맥군체동태화산량적영향,분별우2006-2007、2007-2008년도재보정시화고성시용당지동소맥추엄품충하농822화석신616연구료불동관수차수(재보증저상기출상전생육기관0、1、2화3수,분별용W0、W1、W2화W3표시)화시담량(0、112.5화225 kg/ha,분별용N0、N1화N2표시)대소맥군체동태화산량적영향.결과표명,2006-2007년도관수차수화시담량대소맥총경(수)수적영향교현저.W1、W2화W3적성수수현저고우W0,W1、W2、W3지간차이불현저.3개시담수평간각생육시기적총경수균차이현저,차수시담량증가이증대.대부분생육시기불동관수차수적LAI차이불현저,이불동시담량적LAI차이현저,N2적LAI현저고우N1화N0.관수차수대수수화천립중영향현저,시담량대수수화수립수영향현저,이치관수차수화시담량대소맥산량적주효응균체도현저표준.4충관수수평적산량이W3최고,W0최저;3개시담량중N1산량최고,N0최저.관수차수화시담량대소맥산량화각산량구성인소적교호작용현저,W0화W1조건하산량수시담량증가이제고,이W2화W3조건하N1산량최고,차여N0차이현저.2007-2008년도시험중,관수차수화시담량대각생육시기적총경수、LAI화산량적영향균불현저.근거본연구결과가지,재하북평원지구상년강수(소맥전생육기100 mm좌우)화중등비력조건하전생육기관개3차,시담량위N 112.5～225 kg/ha이급봉수강우년빈화교고비력조건하전생육기관개1혹2차,상응지시담225혹112.5 kg/ha,가이분별취득교이상적산량.
In order to clarify the effects of irrigation times and nitrogen application rate on population dynamics and grain yield, field experiments were carried out during 2006-2007 in Gaocheng and 2007-2008 in Baoding with local commecial winter wheat cultivar Henong 822 and Shixin 616, respectively. The experiments during the two years were designed as split plot arrangement, with irrigation times as main plots (including 0, 1, 2 and 3 times, expressed as W0, W1, W2 and W3, respectively), and nitrogen application rate as split plots (including N 0, 112.5 and 225 kg/ha, respectively). The results showed that, during 2006-2007, irrigation times and nitrogen rate had significant effect on population culm (spike) amounts. The spikes of W1, W2 and W3 were significantly higher than that of W0. The difference of culms among W1, W2 and W3 was not significant. The culms among the three levels of nitrogen application rates were significantly different and increased with the increase of nitrogen rate. The difference of LAI among the four irrigation levels was insignificant at most growing stages, but that among the three nitrogen application rates was significant, with the LAI of N2 significantly higher than those of N1 and N0. The effects of irrigation times on spikes per ha and 1000-grain weight were statistically significant, and the effects of nitrogen rate on spikes per ha and grain number per spike were significant, so that the main effects of irrigation times and nitrogen rate on grain yield were all statistically significant. The grain yield of W3 was the highest, and that of W0 the lowest among the four levels of irrigation, and the grain yield of N1 was the highest, and that of N0 was the lowest among the three levels of nitrogen rates. The interaction of irrigation times and nitrogen rate on grain yield and the three yield components was statistically significant. The grain yield increased with the increase of nitrogen rate under W0 and W1 rigimes. Under W2 and W3 rigimes, however, the grain yield of N1 was the highest, and was significantly higher than that of N0. In 2007-2008 experiment, however, the effects of irrigation times and nitrogen application rate on population culm amount and LAI at various growing stages, and on grain yield of wheat were all statistically insignificant. According to the results, it was recommended that three irrigations during the whole growing period be needed, with 112.5～225 kg/ha N applied for satisfactory grain yield of winter wheat under moderate rainfall (about 100 mm during winter wheat growing period) and fertility in Hebei Plain of China. In rich rainfall year and high fertility, however, one or two irrigations could be sufficient, with the corresponding nitrogen application rate of 225 or 112.5 kg/ha.