CAJ | 학술논문

研究了寄生于鲤鱼及草(鲩)鱼的鱊头槽绦虫(Bothriocephalus acheiloghathi)的多样性.作者在1986-2000年收集材料,遍及中国19个省及自治区.在江苏等5省只收集到其它寄生虫的材料,故结果未列入附录1和2.研究结果表明,鲤鱼及草鱼的寄生鱊头槽绦虫的地理分布截然不同.寄生于鲤鱼的鱊头槽绦虫分布于黄河水系的西北地区及黑龙江水系的东北各省及长江上游的四川、云南和贵州,南方各省的鲤鱼不感染这种绦虫.寄生于草鱼的鱊头槽绦虫分布于沿珠江水系的广东、广西及闽江水系的福建,感染池塘的幼龄草鱼,天然水体中未发现感染阳性的草鱼.交义感染试验表明,寄生在这两种鲤科鱼类的头槽绦虫有极强的宿主特异性,草鱼感染的头槽绦虫一年内大部分时间排出发育完全的胚胎卵,而鲤鱼感染的头槽绦虫排出的虫卵多为早期分裂卵,甚至在盛夏,水温在28℃-30℃的情况下也无例外.虫卵发育程度不同,卵的孵化期也有差异.在同等温度28℃-29℃时,草鱼头槽绦虫虫卵的孵化期为1.69±0.17 d;鲤鱼的头槽绦虫虫卵的孵化期为3.98±0.3 d.此外,种群结构也有明显区别,草鱼的头槽绦虫在繁殖季节,体长＜1 cm的幼虫占种群的主体,年终时绦虫全部从宿主体内消失,生活周期从初染至消敛约1年;鲤鱼的头槽绦虫主体全年皆为孕节成虫,在Ⅱ龄商品鱼中继续繁殖.本研究表明,鲤鱼及草鱼的寄生鱊头槽绦虫显示的多样性是因长期适应不同生活环境从而演化为两个不同的亚种[动物学报 53(3):470-480,2007].
연구료기생우리어급초(혼)어적율두조조충(Bothriocephalus acheiloghathi)적다양성.작자재1986-2000년수집재료,편급중국19개성급자치구.재강소등5성지수집도기타기생충적재료,고결과미렬입부록1화2.연구결과표명,리어급초어적기생율두조조충적지리분포절연불동.기생우리어적율두조조충분포우황하수계적서북지구급흑룡강수계적동북각성급장강상유적사천、운남화귀주,남방각성적리어불감염저충조충.기생우초어적율두조조충분포우연주강수계적엄동、엄서급민강수계적복건,감염지당적유령초어,천연수체중미발현감염양성적초어.교의감염시험표명,기생재저량충리과어류적두조조충유겁강적숙주특이성,초어감염적두조조충일년내대부분시간배출발육완전적배태란,이리어감염적두조조충배출적충란다위조기분렬란,심지재성하,수온재28℃-30℃적정황하야무예외.충란발육정도불동,란적부화기야유차이.재동등온도28℃-29℃시,초어두조조충충란적부화기위1.69±0.17 d;리어적두조조충충란적부화기위3.98±0.3 d.차외,충군결구야유명현구별,초어적두조조충재번식계절,체장＜1 cm적유충점충군적주체,년종시조충전부종숙주체내소실,생활주기종초염지소렴약1년;리어적두조조충주체전년개위잉절성충,재Ⅱ령상품어중계속번식.본연구표명,리어급초어적기생율두조조충현시적다양성시인장기괄응불동생활배경종이연화위량개불동적아충[동물학보 53(3):470-480,2007].
The present study of the tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi parasitic in common carp and grass carp in China, was carried out from 1986 to 2000, covering 16 provinces and autonomous regions of the country. Distinct diversities are noticed. Worms in common carp are confined to the Yellow River and the Heilongjiang in the north and the upper reach of the Yangtze River in the southwest. Worms in grass carp are found in ponds along the Pearl River in the south, but not in natural waters, and no common carp are found infected in this region. Eggs of worms in grass carp are primarily embryonated but those in common carp are in a state of early cleavage. The hatching period of eggs at 27℃-28℃ is 1.69±0.2 d in grass carp tapeworms and. 3.98±0.3 d in worms in common carp. In grass carp, young worms ＜1 cm dominate in the population during the breeding season and disappear by the end of the year, whereas in common carp the population consists mainly of gravid worms which continue to propagate in the ageⅡcommercial-sized hosts. Evidently, B.acheilognathi parasitic in these two cyprinids are two geographical subspecies owing to long-term adaptation to different environments[Acta Zoologica Sinica 53(3):470-480,2007].