CAJ | 학술논문

为了探讨松嫩平原退化芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地的生态恢复模式,2001～2008年,在吉林省西部牛心套堡退化的芦苇湿地进行了示范研究.试验苇田面积100 hm~2,以工程措施恢复湿地与河流的水力联系,改造苇田基底,完善灌排水系统;通过鱼虾自然增殖与人工放流、芦苇培育等生物措施,恢复苇田生物群落;采用农艺措施与水资源管理技术,恢复苇田的水文过程和生境.至2008年,苇田水环境盐度和碱度分别下降了92.21%和90.96%,平均每年下降30.55%和29.06%;苇田地表0～20 cm土体脱盐率59.70%,平均每年下降14.06%;土壤有机质含量增加105.37%;芦苇产量增加697.67%.试验结果表明,采用过程导向策略,恢复与重建因水文过程功能丧失而导致退化的芦苇湿地,综合应用工程、生物、农艺及水资源优化管理等措施,可促进苇田生物与生境的恢复,再建水文、生物等重要生态过程和恢复湿地原有的生态功能,对松嫩平原退化盐碱芦苇湿地的生态恢复与重建具有参考作用.
위료탐토송눈평원퇴화호위(Phragmites australis)습지적생태회복모식,2001～2008년,재길림성서부우심투보퇴화적호위습지진행료시범연구.시험위전면적100 hm~2,이공정조시회복습지여하류적수력련계,개조위전기저,완선관배수계통;통과어하자연증식여인공방류、호위배육등생물조시,회복위전생물군락;채용농예조시여수자원관리기술,회복위전적수문과정화생경.지2008년,위전수배경염도화감도분별하강료92.21%화90.96%,평균매년하강30.55%화29.06%;위전지표0～20 cm토체탈염솔59.70%,평균매년하강14.06%;토양유궤질함량증가105.37%;호위산량증가697.67%.시험결과표명,채용과정도향책략,회복여중건인수문과정공능상실이도치퇴화적호위습지,종합응용공정、생물、농예급수자원우화관리등조시,가촉진위전생물여생경적회복,재건수문、생물등중요생태과정화회복습지원유적생태공능,대송눈평원퇴화염감호위습지적생태회복여중건구유삼고작용.
In order to investigate the ecological restoration pattern of the wetland of extremely degraded saline-alkali reed wetland in the Songnen Plain, the demonstrated research was conducted in the Niuxintaobao wetland in the west of Jilin province. The area of the testing reed wetland was 100 hm~2. The engineering measurements were used to recovery the hydraulic connection, the reed wetland was completed and the biome was recovered by natural breeding of fish and shrimp, manually water release and reed breeding. Using agricultural measurements and reasonable management technology of water resources, the hydrological process and habitat of the reed wetland were improved. By 2008, the salinity and alkalinity in the water environment of the testing reed wetland decreased 92.21% and 90.96%, respectively, and dropped by an average of 30.55% and 29.06% a year, respectively. The salt rejection rate of the soil in 0-20 cm depth decreased 59.70%, and dropped by an average of 14.06% a year, meanwhile the organic matter of reed wetland soil increased by 105.37%. The productivity of reed increased 697.67%, and increased by an average of 34.53% a year. The results of the test showed that, the measures can promote the ecological restoration of the reed wetland, that is, to recovery and rebuilt the degraded reed wetland caused by the loss of hydrological function through the process oriented recovery strategies. The engineering, biologic, agricultural and the optimized management of water resources should be integrated, which can advance the ecological restoration of reed wetland, rebuilt the important ecological process of hydrology and biology, and the original ecological function of wetland. These results are of reference value in the ecological recovery and rebuilding the degraded saline-alkali reed wetland wetland in the Songnen Plain.