CAJ | 학술논문

油菜是目前我国主要种植的油料作物之一,但现有的种质资源限制了产量的进一步提高.本研究采取了一种新的育种方式来增加甘蓝型油菜的种质资源,即通过远缘杂交结合分子标记辅助选择的方式将白菜型油菜的Ar基因组和埃塞俄比亚芥的Cc对现有的甘蓝型油菜品种的基因组(AnanCnCn)进行部分替换.通过对五倍体杂交后代(ArAnBcCcCn)进行染色体选择,找到了染色体数目为38的材料.为了和现有的甘蓝型油菜进行区分,得到的新材料被认定为甘蓝型油菜新材料.实验结果表明,得到的部分甘蓝型油菜新材料具有基本正常的减数分裂过程、正常的花粉萌发以及胚囊发育过程,这说明甘蓝型油菜新材料达到了遗传平衡.分子标记分析表明:甘蓝型油菜新材料的约50%的基因组被白菜型油菜的Ar基因组和埃塞俄比亚芥的Cc替换,并且这些甘蓝型油菜新材料之间具有丰富的遗传多样性.因此,白菜型油菜的Ar基因组和埃塞俄比亚芥的Cc基因组导入对于丰富现有的甘蓝型油菜种质资源具有明显的效果.
유채시목전아국주요충식적유료작물지일,단현유적충질자원한제료산량적진일보제고.본연구채취료일충신적육충방식래증가감람형유채적충질자원,즉통과원연잡교결합분자표기보조선택적방식장백채형유채적Ar기인조화애새아비아개적Cc대현유적감람형유채품충적기인조(AnanCnCn)진행부분체환.통과대오배체잡교후대(ArAnBcCcCn)진행염색체선택,조도료염색체수목위38적재료.위료화현유적감람형유채진행구분,득도적신재료피인정위감람형유채신재료.실험결과표명,득도적부분감람형유채신재료구유기본정상적감수분렬과정、정상적화분맹발이급배낭발육과정,저설명감람형유채신재료체도료유전평형.분자표기분석표명:감람형유채신재료적약50%적기인조피백채형유채적Ar기인조화애새아비아개적Cc체환,병차저사감람형유채신재료지간구유봉부적유전다양성.인차,백채형유채적Ar기인조화애새아비아개적Cc기인조도입대우봉부현유적감람형유채충질자원구유명현적효과.
A breeding strategy for widening the germplasm of Brassica napus was proposed by introgression of the Ar subgenome of B. rapa (ArAr) and Cc of B. carinata (BcBcCcCc) into natural B. napus (AnAnCnCn). The progenies with 38 chromosomes that were derived from the self-pollinated seeds of pentaploid hybrids (ArAnBcCcCn) were used for further research. Some of the partial new-typed B. napus showed normal meiotic behavior, high portion of germinated pollen and normal embryological development.This indicates that the selected new-typed B. napus had a balanced genetic base, Molecular analysis showed that about 50% of the genome in the new-typed B. napus was replaced by Ar and Cc subgenome from B. rapa and B. carinata. Considering the genetic diversity among different lines of new-typed B. napus, it was deduced that the introgression of the genomic components from B.rapa and B. carinata could widen the genetic diversity of rapeseed.