植物学报
植物學報
식물학보
ACTA BOTANICA SINICA
2002年
2期
204-211
,共8页
汪诗平%王艳芬%崔骁勇%陈佐忠%池宏康%Ewald SCHNUG%Silvia HANEKLAUS%juergen FLECKENSTEIN%WANG Shi-Ping%WANG Yan-Fen%CUI Xiao-Yong%CHEN Zuo-zhong%CHI Hong-Kang%Ewald SCHNUG%Silvia HANEKLAUS%juergen FLECKENSTEIN
汪詩平%王豔芬%崔驍勇%陳佐忠%池宏康%Ewald SCHNUG%Silvia HANEKLAUS%juergen FLECKENSTEIN%WANG Shi-Ping%WANG Yan-Fen%CUI Xiao-Yong%CHEN Zuo-zhong%CHI Hong-Kang%Ewald SCHNUG%Silvia HANEKLAUS%juergen FLECKENSTEIN
왕시평%왕염분%최효용%진좌충%지굉강%Ewald SCHNUG%Silvia HANEKLAUS%juergen FLECKENSTEIN%WANG Shi-Ping%WANG Yan-Fen%CUI Xiao-Yong%CHEN Zuo-zhong%CHI Hong-Kang%Ewald SCHNUG%Silvia HANEKLAUS%juergen FLECKENSTEIN
硫肥%总体平衡%硫循环%放牧系统%内蒙古草原
硫肥%總體平衡%硫循環%放牧繫統%內矇古草原
류비%총체평형%류순배%방목계통%내몽고초원
sulphur fertilizer%mass-balance%sulphur cyc
ling%sheep-grazed system%Nei Monggol steppe
应用总体平衡(mass-balance)法研究了施硫肥(0, 30及60 kg S/hm2)对内蒙古典型草原放牧生态系统硫循环的影响及在硫肥需要量上的应用.结果表明,施硫肥使牧草硫的吸收量提高了50%,并使放牧系统硫的生物循环速率提高了15%以上.1995和1996年两年内两种硫肥处理30 和 60 kg S/hm2的硫的利用效率分别为74.0% 和 37.6%.当其他硫的来源较低时,土壤中有机硫的矿化是草原有效硫的主要来源,约占整个有效硫输入量的70%.放牧家畜在物质循环中具有重要的生态功能,其硫采食量的90%左右以排泄物的形式返回到土壤,经过排泄物而释放的有效硫量约占硫的生物再循环量的30%.土壤中硫的淋溶损失是放牧系统中硫的主要输出形式;同时,家畜尿和粪中硫的损失(包括转移到非生产区和淋溶损失)也影响着放牧系统硫的平衡状况.因此,应该深入研究粪尿硫的再循环速率及其影响因素.基于总体平衡原则,该地区放牧系统中至少每年应施入10 kg S/hm2才能保持有效硫的平衡状态.
應用總體平衡(mass-balance)法研究瞭施硫肥(0, 30及60 kg S/hm2)對內矇古典型草原放牧生態繫統硫循環的影響及在硫肥需要量上的應用.結果錶明,施硫肥使牧草硫的吸收量提高瞭50%,併使放牧繫統硫的生物循環速率提高瞭15%以上.1995和1996年兩年內兩種硫肥處理30 和 60 kg S/hm2的硫的利用效率分彆為74.0% 和 37.6%.噹其他硫的來源較低時,土壤中有機硫的礦化是草原有效硫的主要來源,約佔整箇有效硫輸入量的70%.放牧傢畜在物質循環中具有重要的生態功能,其硫採食量的90%左右以排洩物的形式返迴到土壤,經過排洩物而釋放的有效硫量約佔硫的生物再循環量的30%.土壤中硫的淋溶損失是放牧繫統中硫的主要輸齣形式;同時,傢畜尿和糞中硫的損失(包括轉移到非生產區和淋溶損失)也影響著放牧繫統硫的平衡狀況.因此,應該深入研究糞尿硫的再循環速率及其影響因素.基于總體平衡原則,該地區放牧繫統中至少每年應施入10 kg S/hm2纔能保持有效硫的平衡狀態.
응용총체평형(mass-balance)법연구료시류비(0, 30급60 kg S/hm2)대내몽고전형초원방목생태계통류순배적영향급재류비수요량상적응용.결과표명,시류비사목초류적흡수량제고료50%,병사방목계통류적생물순배속솔제고료15%이상.1995화1996년량년내량충류비처리30 화 60 kg S/hm2적류적이용효솔분별위74.0% 화 37.6%.당기타류적래원교저시,토양중유궤류적광화시초원유효류적주요래원,약점정개유효류수입량적70%.방목가축재물질순배중구유중요적생태공능,기류채식량적90%좌우이배설물적형식반회도토양,경과배설물이석방적유효류량약점류적생물재순배량적30%.토양중류적림용손실시방목계통중류적주요수출형식;동시,가축뇨화분중류적손실(포괄전이도비생산구화림용손실)야영향착방목계통류적평형상황.인차,응해심입연구분뇨류적재순배속솔급기영향인소.기우총체평형원칙,해지구방목계통중지소매년응시입10 kg S/hm2재능보지유효류적평형상태.
Abstract:Sulphur (S) cycling and implications on S fertilizer requirement in sheep-grazed pastures receiving three levels of S fertilizer at rates of 0, 30 and 60 kg S/hm2 in 1995 and 1996 were studied using a mass-balance approach which accounted both for S inputs to and outputs from the soil-plant-animal system. Results indicated that S fertilizer increased by 50% of herbage S uptake and 15% or more of S bio-cycling rate in grazing system. The total S recovery of 30 and 60 kg S
/hm2 treatments from 1995 to 1996 was 74.0% and 37.6% respectively. Mineralization of organic S may be an important source of S for pasture when other S sources are low, accounted for 70% of the total S inputs without S fertilizer. The grazing sheep has an important ecological function, the feature of S cycling in grazed pastures was that 90% of herbage S ingested by grazing sheep was returned to soils as excreta. The amount of S released by sheep excreta accounted about 30% of the total released S through S bio-recycling. Loss from soil S leaching beyond the major plant rooting zone was the main S output from grazing system. However, urinary and fecal S losses, including transfer and leaching losses, also affected S budgets of grazing system. It is therefore important to investigate the recycling rate of both urinary and fecal S under field conditions. Based on the mass-balance principle, at least 10 kg S/hm2 per year may be necessary for sustainable development of grazing system.
