CAJ | 학술논문

背景:非文字智力测验(或非文字智力量表)是龚耀先教授为中国少数民族人群和有语言障碍者所编制的非文字智力量表和跨文化智力量表.现在已有了五少数民族联合常模、汉族儿童常模及55岁以下成人常模.目前缺乏56岁以上老年组常模,而非文字智力测验尤其适合老年群体,在该人群中有广泛的应用前景.目的:建立56岁以上老年组非文字智力测验的区域性常模,使我国拥有一套从儿童到老年较完整的非文字智力测验常模.设计:以社区56岁以上健康离退休老人为观察对象.分层抽样,对照研究.单位:河南科技大学医学院生理学教研室,中南大学湘雅二医院心理中心.对象:以洛阳市及郊县56岁以上健康离退休老人为研究对象.按照自觉自愿的原则,分层取样,样本接近各区比例.研究对象年龄在56～101岁之间,每5岁为一年龄段,共分8个年龄段,每个年龄段约200人左右,共1 460人.其中男679人,女781人.方法:用龚氏非文字智力测验工具和手册,分别对每个人进行认数辨色、分类、填图、填数、接龙和编码测验.得到三个结果:粗分、量表分和智商.主要观察指标:建立了56岁以上老年组非文字智力测验常模.结果:分三种常模,即原始分、离差量表分和离差标准分.信度和效度检验结果:40名老人相隔1～2周进行重测,各分测验之间的原始分重测相关系数为0.59～0.89之间,总原始分重测相关系数为0.83;各分测验原始分两两相关系数为0.35～0.63之间;50名老人在本测验的标准分与我国修订的韦氏成人智力量表分的言语智商,操作智商和总智商的相关系数分别为0.43,0.51和0.54.结论:本研究建立了非文字智力测验的56岁以上老年人群的初步区域性常模,该常模主要测量了知觉和推理因素,同时也负荷了视觉心理运动速度因素和抽象概括因素.信度和效度都比较满意,均达到了同类测验水平. 揹景:非文字智力測驗(或非文字智力量錶)是龔耀先教授為中國少數民族人群和有語言障礙者所編製的非文字智力量錶和跨文化智力量錶.現在已有瞭五少數民族聯閤常模、漢族兒童常模及55歲以下成人常模.目前缺乏56歲以上老年組常模,而非文字智力測驗尤其適閤老年群體,在該人群中有廣汎的應用前景.目的:建立56歲以上老年組非文字智力測驗的區域性常模,使我國擁有一套從兒童到老年較完整的非文字智力測驗常模.設計:以社區56歲以上健康離退休老人為觀察對象.分層抽樣,對照研究.單位:河南科技大學醫學院生理學教研室,中南大學湘雅二醫院心理中心.對象:以洛暘市及郊縣56歲以上健康離退休老人為研究對象.按照自覺自願的原則,分層取樣,樣本接近各區比例.研究對象年齡在56～101歲之間,每5歲為一年齡段,共分8箇年齡段,每箇年齡段約200人左右,共1 460人.其中男679人,女781人.方法:用龔氏非文字智力測驗工具和手冊,分彆對每箇人進行認數辨色、分類、填圖、填數、接龍和編碼測驗.得到三箇結果:粗分、量錶分和智商.主要觀察指標:建立瞭56歲以上老年組非文字智力測驗常模.結果:分三種常模,即原始分、離差量錶分和離差標準分.信度和效度檢驗結果:40名老人相隔1～2週進行重測,各分測驗之間的原始分重測相關繫數為0.59～0.89之間,總原始分重測相關繫數為0.83;各分測驗原始分兩兩相關繫數為0.35～0.63之間;50名老人在本測驗的標準分與我國脩訂的韋氏成人智力量錶分的言語智商,操作智商和總智商的相關繫數分彆為0.43,0.51和0.54.結論:本研究建立瞭非文字智力測驗的56歲以上老年人群的初步區域性常模,該常模主要測量瞭知覺和推理因素,同時也負荷瞭視覺心理運動速度因素和抽象概括因素.信度和效度都比較滿意,均達到瞭同類測驗水平.
배경:비문자지력측험(혹비문자지역량표)시공요선교수위중국소수민족인군화유어언장애자소편제적비문자지역량표화과문화지역량표.현재이유료오소수민족연합상모、한족인동상모급55세이하성인상모.목전결핍56세이상노년조상모,이비문자지력측험우기괄합노년군체,재해인군중유엄범적응용전경.목적:건립56세이상노년조비문자지력측험적구역성상모,사아국옹유일투종인동도노년교완정적비문자지력측험상모.설계:이사구56세이상건강리퇴휴노인위관찰대상.분층추양,대조연구.단위:하남과기대학의학원생이학교연실,중남대학상아이의원심리중심.대상:이락양시급교현56세이상건강리퇴휴노인위연구대상.안조자각자원적원칙,분층취양,양본접근각구비례.연구대상년령재56～101세지간,매5세위일년령단,공분8개년령단,매개년령단약200인좌우,공1 460인.기중남679인,녀781인.방법:용공씨비문자지력측험공구화수책,분별대매개인진행인수변색、분류、전도、전수、접룡화편마측험.득도삼개결과:조분、량표분화지상.주요관찰지표:건립료56세이상노년조비문자지력측험상모.결과:분삼충상모,즉원시분、리차량표분화리차표준분.신도화효도검험결과:40명노인상격1～2주진행중측,각분측험지간적원시분중측상관계수위0.59～0.89지간,총원시분중측상관계수위0.83;각분측험원시분량량상관계수위0.35～0.63지간;50명노인재본측험적표준분여아국수정적위씨성인지역량표분적언어지상,조작지상화총지상적상관계수분별위0.43,0.51화0.54.결론:본연구건립료비문자지력측험적56세이상노년인군적초보구역성상모,해상모주요측량료지각화추리인소,동시야부하료시각심리운동속도인소화추상개괄인소.신도화효도도비교만의,균체도료동류측험수평.
BACKGROUND: Gong's nonverbal intelligence test(GNIT) is a nonverbal and cross-cultural test of intelligence designed primarily to suit the use in the minority groups and those with linguistic difficulties by Professor Gong Yao-xian. At present 5 unified norms of the minority groups as well as norms of Chinese Han children and adult aged below 55 years have been developed, but the norms for the elderly above 56 years of age are not available. Nonverbal intelligence test is especially suitable for the elderly and has therefore wide applications.OBJECTIVE: To establish regional norms of the GNIT for healthy elderly people above 56 to enable the completion of nonverbal intelligence test norms suitable for each age groups.DESIGN: A controlled study with stratified sampling of healthy elderly retirees over 56 years of age in the community.SETTING: Department of Physiology in Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology; Center for Psychology, Xiangya Second Hospital,Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: Healthy elderly retirees above 56 years of age in Luoyang cityor the counties were selected on a voluntary basis with stratified sampling according to the proportion of each region. The selected subjects aged between 56 and 101 years, and 8 age groups were divided at the interval of 5 years(about 200 people in each age group). Totally 1 460 subjects were selected, including 679 male and 781 female subjects.METHODS: With the instruments and manual of GNIT, the subjects were tested for color identification, classification, blank-filling with numbers or graphs, characters and encoding tests. The results were original scores, scale scores and intelligence quotient.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The norms of GNIT for the elderly above 56 years of age.RESULTS: The norms included three scores, namely the original scores, scale scores and standard deviation scores. To test of reliability and validity of the norms, retest was performed in 40 1 or 2 weeks after the initial test, resulting in the test-retest reliability coefficient ranging from 0.59 to 0. 89, with the total test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.83. The correlation coefficients the original scores between the subtests ranged from 0. 35 to 0. 63, and the correlation coefficients between the standard deviation scores of the verbal intelligence quotient(VIQ), performance intelligence quotient(PIQ) and full intelligence quotient(FIQ) of Wechster intelligence scale for children(WAIC-RC) were 0.43,0.51 and 0.54 respectiyely, based on a study of a sample of 50 elderly subjects.CONCLUSION: Primary regional norms of GNIT for elderly subjects above 56 years of age have been established to measure mainly the perception and reasoning factors loaded with also visual motor psychological factors and abstract summary factors, with satisfactory reliability and validity equivalent to similar tests.