CAJ | 학술논문

国内和国外生态系统服务物理量和价值量的评估都难以得出让公众和学术界普遍接受的结果,这反映了该领域研究方法还不成熟,需要继续完善.如何建立符合中国基本国情的单位价值量是核算生态系统服务功能价值的核心.由于中国缺乏完善的市场环境,如何选择一个合理的价格体系作为衡量生态系统服务的单位价值量仍然还是一个难题.目前普遍采用的市场价格很难真实反映消费者剩余,从而导致单位价值或者说最终价值评估结果的不准确.本研究将生态服务划分为食物生产、原材料生产、景观愉悦、气体调节、气候调节、水源涵养、土壤形成与保持、废物处理、生物多样性维持共9项,就森林、草地、农田、湿地、水体和荒漠6类生态系统的9项生态系统服务价值相对生态重要性进行了问卷调查,进而形成中国生态系统单位面积生态服务价值评估单价体系,通过结果对比发现,该生态系统服务单价体系与基于物质量估算的生态系统服务价值之间具有较好的可比性,可较准确地反映中国各项生态系统服务的相对重要性,在没有其他更为可靠的方法的情况下,可以采用该方法对中国生态系统服务价值进行评估,可以作为适合中国生态系统状况和经济发展水平的一个生态系统服务价值评估工具.对上述方法的合理性我们也做了一个问卷调查,约70%的被调查者认为这是一个"比较合理"的评估方法,约20%的被调查者认为并不合理,可以肯定在生态系统服务价值评估技术取得更新的一些研究成果之前,这种对生态系统服务价值进行评估的方法将长期存在争论.本方法仍有许多需要改进和完善之处,如生态系统服务价值的空间异质性和时间动态性有待考虑,具体应用时可采用生态服务价值生物量调整因子来做进一步修订.
국내화국외생태계통복무물리량화개치량적평고도난이득출양공음화학술계보편접수적결과,저반영료해영역연구방법환불성숙,수요계속완선.여하건립부합중국기본국정적단위개치량시핵산생태계통복무공능개치적핵심.유우중국결핍완선적시장배경,여하선택일개합리적개격체계작위형량생태계통복무적단위개치량잉연환시일개난제.목전보편채용적시장개격흔난진실반영소비자잉여,종이도치단위개치혹자설최종개치평고결과적불준학.본연구장생태복무화분위식물생산、원재료생산、경관유열、기체조절、기후조절、수원함양、토양형성여보지、폐물처리、생물다양성유지공9항,취삼림、초지、농전、습지、수체화황막6류생태계통적9항생태계통복무개치상대생태중요성진행료문권조사,진이형성중국생태계통단위면적생태복무개치평고단개체계,통과결과대비발현,해생태계통복무단개체계여기우물질량고산적생태계통복무개치지간구유교호적가비성,가교준학지반영중국각항생태계통복무적상대중요성,재몰유기타경위가고적방법적정황하,가이채용해방법대중국생태계통복무개치진행평고,가이작위괄합중국생태계통상황화경제발전수평적일개생태계통복무개치평고공구.대상술방법적합이성아문야주료일개문권조사,약70%적피조사자인위저시일개"비교합리"적평고방법,약20%적피조사자인위병불합리,가이긍정재생태계통복무개치평고기술취득경신적일사연구성과지전,저충대생태계통복무개치진행평고적방법장장기존재쟁론.본방법잉유허다수요개진화완선지처,여생태계통복무개치적공간이질성화시간동태성유대고필,구체응용시가채용생태복무개치생물량조정인자래주진일보수정.
Valuation of global ecosystem services by R. Costanza (1997)has attracted attention of the Chinese ecological researchers over the years. Many Chinese scientists have been using the methods to valuate the ecosystem services for forest, grassland and farmland ecosystems. However, it has been turned out that there are several shortcomings in direct adaptation of the methods, for instance, some ecosystem services have been insufficiently valuated or even ignored. To meet this gap, we have used a "unit value" based method for assessment of ecosystem services. Expert interviews with structured questionnaire have been contacted in 2002 and 2007 respectively; altogether 700 Chinese ecologists have been involved in the interviews. It has been found that the values of ecosystem services from expert knowledge based unit value method and biomass based method are comparative. Therefore, expert knowledge based assessment of ecosystem services could be used as a method for the assessment with known land use areas, and a good result could be generated within a short time period. However, for scientifically sound and concrete results, a long term simulation of ecosystem service flux curve via experimental research is required, and spatial and temporal disparity of ecosystem services should be taken into account.