CAJ | 학술논문

采用室外盆栽试验系统研究了不同施肥处理对连续3个生长季作物生长状况、标记~(15)N利用率及其分配与去向的影响.结果表明,高量氮肥的施用能显著提高作物的生长和产量,而化肥配施玉米秸秆在第1生长季表现为抑制,第2、第3生长季则相反.作物体内来自标记氮肥的含量和比例随生长季的增加显著下降,高量氮肥和玉米秸秆的施用能显著提高其含量和比例(P<0.05).标记氮肥在土壤中的残留率随作物生长季的增加而降低,而标记氮肥的累积作物利用率和总损失率随着生长季的增加而增加,经过连续3季作物的吸收利用,标记氮肥在土壤中的残留率、累积作物利用率和总损失率分别平均为15.82%、61.11%和23.07%.标记氮肥的作物利用率和损失率主要发生在第1生长季内,高量氮肥的施用降低了标记肥料氮在土壤中的残留率,增加了氮素损失率;与单施化肥处理相比,化肥配施玉米秸秆能明显增加标记肥料氮在土壤和作物中的回收率,降低氮素损失率,提高比例为21.74%,从而说明在施肥当季,通过施入高C/N比有机物料玉米秸秆合理调节土壤中C源和N素营养的施用比例,可以达到增加氮肥在土壤中的残留率,提高氮肥利用率的目的.
채용실외분재시험계통연구료불동시비처리대련속3개생장계작물생장상황、표기~(15)N이용솔급기분배여거향적영향.결과표명,고량담비적시용능현저제고작물적생장화산량,이화비배시옥미갈간재제1생장계표현위억제,제2、제3생장계칙상반.작물체내래자표기담비적함량화비례수생장계적증가현저하강,고량담비화옥미갈간적시용능현저제고기함량화비례(P<0.05).표기담비재토양중적잔류솔수작물생장계적증가이강저,이표기담비적루적작물이용솔화총손실솔수착생장계적증가이증가,경과련속3계작물적흡수이용,표기담비재토양중적잔류솔、루적작물이용솔화총손실솔분별평균위15.82%、61.11%화23.07%.표기담비적작물이용솔화손실솔주요발생재제1생장계내,고량담비적시용강저료표기비료담재토양중적잔류솔,증가료담소손실솔;여단시화비처리상비,화비배시옥미갈간능명현증가표기비료담재토양화작물중적회수솔,강저담소손실솔,제고비례위21.74%,종이설명재시비당계,통과시입고C/N비유궤물료옥미갈간합리조절토양중C원화N소영양적시용비례,가이체도증가담비재토양중적잔류솔,제고담비이용솔적목적.
A labeled~(15)N fertilizer pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of single application of chemical fertilizer, and combina-tion of chemical fertilizer and maize straw on the plant growth,~(15)N use efficiency, distribution and fate of labeled~(15)N fertilizer. The results showed that high application rate of labeled~(15)N fertilizer significandy elevated the growth and yield of crop, however, the combination of chemical fertilizer and maize straw behaved restrain at the first crop cultivation, and accelerated at the second and third crop cultivations. The content and distribution proportion of plant~(15)N obviously decreased with increase of crop cultivations, high application rate of labeled~(15)N fer-tilizer and maize straw addition remarkably enhanced the content and distribution proportion of plant~(15)N (P<0.05). The residual rate of la-beled~(15)N in soil decreased gradually with increase of crop cultivations, however, the accumulative N use efficiency of crops and overall loss rate of labeled~(15)N increased with increase of crop cultivations. After absorption of crops in three continuous crop cultivations. its soil residual rate, accumulative N use efficiency of crop and overall loss rate of labeled~(15)N was averagely 15.82%, 61.11% and 23.07% at maturity stage of the third crop cultivation, respectively. The use and loss of labeled~(15)N fertilizer occurred at the first crop cultivation. In single chemical fertil-izer treatments, high application rate of N fertilizer decreased residual rate of labeled~(15)N in soil and increased its loss rate, combination appli-cation of cbemical fertilizer and maize straw could obviously increase the N recovery rate by soil and plant, and decrease the loss rate of fer-tilizer N by 21.74%, which suggested that reasonable accommodating the application proportion of carbon source and nitrogen nutrition in soil by application of organic material(maize straw) could increase residual rate of chemical N fertilizer in soil and advance N use efficiency of crop.