CAJ | 학술논문

沉积硼酸盐矿床在自然界分布相当广泛,主要见于南、北美和我国青藏高原的盐湖中、美国和土耳其某些第三纪沉积盆地中,以及欧洲某些古代海相盐矿床中.为了研究其形成问题,从70年代开始,我们利用青藏高原盐湖卤水和泉水进行了许多模拟实验工作.从40～50个样品中获得了大量钠硼酸盐、纳钙硼酸盐、镁硼酸盐和含氯化镁的镁硼酸盐复盐.这对于阐明表生作用条件下硼酸盐矿床的形成是非常重要的.实验和研究结果证明:1)与地热和火山活动有关的水体是硼酸盐矿床形成的物质来源;2)硼酸盐矿床可形成于Na、K、Mg//Cl、SO4·H2O和Na、K//Cl、SO4、HCO3、CO3·H2O不同水盐平衡体系的不同富硼水体中(盐度:1.27～41.4%,B2O3含量:0.05～2.97%);3)硼酸盐矿床通常形成于稳定平衡条件下,而不是介稳平衡条件下(蒸发过程中);4)低温条件有利于硼酸盐自水体中析出;5)硼酸盐矿床的形成与水体的化学类型、pH值和硼含量有密切关系;6)我们实验中所获的硼酸盐反映了天然硼酸盐矿床形成的原始条件.不仅揭示了大陆盐湖硼酸盐矿床的形成,也揭示了古代海相盐矿床硼酸盐的成因.
침적붕산염광상재자연계분포상당엄범,주요견우남、북미화아국청장고원적염호중、미국화토이기모사제삼기침적분지중,이급구주모사고대해상염광상중.위료연구기형성문제,종70년대개시,아문이용청장고원염호서수화천수진행료허다모의실험공작.종40～50개양품중획득료대량납붕산염、납개붕산염、미붕산염화함록화미적미붕산염복염.저대우천명표생작용조건하붕산염광상적형성시비상중요적.실험화연구결과증명:1)여지열화화산활동유관적수체시붕산염광상형성적물질래원;2)붕산염광상가형성우Na、K、Mg//Cl、SO4·H2O화Na、K//Cl、SO4、HCO3、CO3·H2O불동수염평형체계적불동부붕수체중(염도:1.27～41.4%,B2O3함량:0.05～2.97%);3)붕산염광상통상형성우은정평형조건하,이불시개은평형조건하(증발과정중);4)저온조건유리우붕산염자수체중석출;5)붕산염광상적형성여수체적화학류형、pH치화붕함량유밀절관계;6)아문실험중소획적붕산염반영료천연붕산염광상형성적원시조건.불부게시료대륙염호붕산염광상적형성,야게시료고대해상염광상붕산염적성인.
Abstract:　The distribution of sedimentary boron deposits is relatively widespread in nature,They are mainly found in recent salt lakes of the North and South America and the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) plateau in China,some Tertiary sedimentary basins in United States of America and Turkey and in some old salt deposits in Europe.However,their origins have not been studied in detail yet.In order to investigate their formation,a lot of simulating experiments have been done using the natural brines and spring water of the saline lakes on Qinghai-Xizang plateau from1970s.Na-borate,Na-Ca borate,Mg-borates and Mg-borate contained MgCl2 have been obtained from 40-50 experimental samples.It is very important for illustrating the origins of the sedimentary borate deposits under the condition of h-ypergenesis. 　　The above experimental results proved that: 　　1)The B-rich waterbodies related to geothermals and volcanicity are the substance sources of the formation of borate deposits; 　　2)The borate deposits can be formed in various B-rich waterbodies of different aqua-salt equilibrium systems of Na,K,Mg//Cl,SO4*H2O and Na,K//Cl,SO4,HCO3,CO3*H2O(the salinity:1.27-41.4%,B2O3:0.05-2.97%). 　　3)The borate deposits can be formed under the stable equilibrium environment without the metastable equilibrium(evoporating process)(nearly in deep water or burried water).At the same time,their precipitation is far later in time than that of other salt minerals for several days,several months to more than ten years. 　　4)The low-temperature condition is beneficial to borate separation from the waterbody. 　　5)The formation of borate deposits is closely associated with the hydrochemical type,pH value and boron content of the waterbodies.