植物生态学报
植物生態學報
식물생태학보
ACTA PHYTOECOLOGICA SINICA
2009年
6期
1208-1219
,共12页
徐振锋%尹华军%赵春章%曹刚%万名利%刘庆
徐振鋒%尹華軍%趙春章%曹剛%萬名利%劉慶
서진봉%윤화군%조춘장%조강%만명리%류경
凋落物分解%全球气候变化%缩微实验%模拟增温%梯度实验%凋落物质量%土壤生物%植被功能型
凋落物分解%全毬氣候變化%縮微實驗%模擬增溫%梯度實驗%凋落物質量%土壤生物%植被功能型
조락물분해%전구기후변화%축미실험%모의증온%제도실험%조락물질량%토양생물%식피공능형
litter decomposition%global climate change%microcosm study%simulated global warming%gradient studies%litter quality%soil organism%plant functional types
陆地生态系统凋落物分解是全球碳收支的一个重要组成部分,主要受气候、凋落物质量和土壤生物群落的综合控制.科学家们普遍认为全球气候变化将对陆地生态系统凋落物分解产生复杂而深远的影响.该文结合凋落物分解试验的常用方法-缩微试验、原位模拟实验和自然环境梯度实验,归纳现有研究结果,意在揭示全球气候变化对陆地生态系统凋落物分解的直接影响(温度对凋落物分解速率的影响)和问接影响(温度对凋落物质量、土壤微生物群落及植被型的影响)的普遍规律.各种研究方法都表明:在水分条件理想的情况下,温度升高往往能加快凋落物的分解速率;原位模拟实验中,凋落物分解速率因物种、增温方法和地理方位而异;全球气候变化能改变凋落物质量,但可能不会在短期内影响凋落物的分解速率;凋落物质量和可分解性的种间差异远大于增温所引发的表型响应差异,那么,气候变化所引发的植物群落结构和物种组成的变化将对陆地生态系统凋落物分解产生更强烈的影响;土壤生物群落如何响应全球气候变化,进而怎样影响凋落物分解过程,这些都还存在着极大的不确定性.
陸地生態繫統凋落物分解是全毬碳收支的一箇重要組成部分,主要受氣候、凋落物質量和土壤生物群落的綜閤控製.科學傢們普遍認為全毬氣候變化將對陸地生態繫統凋落物分解產生複雜而深遠的影響.該文結閤凋落物分解試驗的常用方法-縮微試驗、原位模擬實驗和自然環境梯度實驗,歸納現有研究結果,意在揭示全毬氣候變化對陸地生態繫統凋落物分解的直接影響(溫度對凋落物分解速率的影響)和問接影響(溫度對凋落物質量、土壤微生物群落及植被型的影響)的普遍規律.各種研究方法都錶明:在水分條件理想的情況下,溫度升高往往能加快凋落物的分解速率;原位模擬實驗中,凋落物分解速率因物種、增溫方法和地理方位而異;全毬氣候變化能改變凋落物質量,但可能不會在短期內影響凋落物的分解速率;凋落物質量和可分解性的種間差異遠大于增溫所引髮的錶型響應差異,那麽,氣候變化所引髮的植物群落結構和物種組成的變化將對陸地生態繫統凋落物分解產生更彊烈的影響;土壤生物群落如何響應全毬氣候變化,進而怎樣影響凋落物分解過程,這些都還存在著極大的不確定性.
륙지생태계통조락물분해시전구탄수지적일개중요조성부분,주요수기후、조락물질량화토양생물군락적종합공제.과학가문보편인위전구기후변화장대륙지생태계통조락물분해산생복잡이심원적영향.해문결합조락물분해시험적상용방법-축미시험、원위모의실험화자연배경제도실험,귀납현유연구결과,의재게시전구기후변화대륙지생태계통조락물분해적직접영향(온도대조락물분해속솔적영향)화문접영향(온도대조락물질량、토양미생물군락급식피형적영향)적보편규률.각충연구방법도표명:재수분조건이상적정황하,온도승고왕왕능가쾌조락물적분해속솔;원위모의실험중,조락물분해속솔인물충、증온방법화지리방위이이;전구기후변화능개변조락물질량,단가능불회재단기내영향조락물적분해속솔;조락물질량화가분해성적충간차이원대우증온소인발적표형향응차이,나요,기후변화소인발적식물군락결구화물충조성적변화장대륙지생태계통조락물분해산생경강렬적영향;토양생물군락여하향응전구기후변화,진이즘양영향조락물분해과정,저사도환존재착겁대적불학정성.
Litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems, an important process in the global carbon budget, is mainly controlled by climate, litter quality and soil organisms. Scientists generally think that global warming could have profound and complicated effects on litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. In this review, we summarized results from microcosm studies, in situ artificial warming experiments and natural gradient research to evaluate direct effects (temperature increment on litter decomposition rates) and indirect effects (temperature increment on litter quality, soil organisms and vegetation) of global wanning on litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Each method of study indicated that temperature elevation can often increase litter decomposition rates when litter moisture is maintained. Experimental warming studies implied that litter decomposition rates vary among species, methods and geographical sites. Global warming is likely to alter litter quality and decomposability, but these changes will not influence short-term litter decomposition rates. Interspecific differences in litter quality and decomposability are dramatically stronger than warming-induced differences. Thus, warming-induced changes in species composition and community structure may have stronger impacts on litter decomposition processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Effects of warming-induced changes in soil organisms on litter decomposition are highly uncertain.