CAJ | 학술논문

通过大田试验,设计3个不同氮肥水平(0、150、240 kg N·hm~(-2))和两种不同施肥比例(基肥:分蘖肥:穗粒肥=40%:30%:30%、基肥:分蘖肥:穗粒肥=30%:20%:50%),研究了氮肥运筹对水稻氮素吸收和稻田渗漏液氮素浓度的影响.结果表明,稻田渗漏液中NH~+_4-N、NO_3~--N和总N浓度在施肥后第3 d达到最大、随后降低,在施氮后的第7 d,分别降为峰值的5.6%～16.9%、13.8%～22.5%、22.5%～34.5%.施氮水平处于0～240 kgN·hm~(-2)时,水稻产量、氮素积累总量(total N accumulation,TNA)和稻田渗漏液NH~+_4-N、NO_3~--N和总N浓度随着氮素水平的提高而显著增加;在较高氮肥水平(240 kg N·hm~(-2))下,与氮肥前移相比(基肥:分蘖肥:穗粒肥=40%:30%:30%),采用氮肥后移(基肥:分蘖肥:穗粒肥=30%:20%:50%)的施肥比例,水稻产量和成熟期TNA分别增加6.2%和16.4%,稻田渗漏液NO_3~--N及总N浓度分别降低8.9%和4.8%.而对NH~+_4-N浓度影响不显著,说明适宜的氮肥运筹可以增加水稻的产量和氮'素吸收,减少氮素渗漏损失.
통과대전시험,설계3개불동담비수평(0、150、240 kg N·hm~(-2))화량충불동시비비례(기비:분얼비:수립비=40%:30%:30%、기비:분얼비:수립비=30%:20%:50%),연구료담비운주대수도담소흡수화도전삼루액담소농도적영향.결과표명,도전삼루액중NH~+_4-N、NO_3~--N화총N농도재시비후제3 d체도최대、수후강저,재시담후적제7 d,분별강위봉치적5.6%～16.9%、13.8%～22.5%、22.5%～34.5%.시담수평처우0～240 kgN·hm~(-2)시,수도산량、담소적루총량(total N accumulation,TNA)화도전삼루액NH~+_4-N、NO_3~--N화총N농도수착담소수평적제고이현저증가;재교고담비수평(240 kg N·hm~(-2))하,여담비전이상비(기비:분얼비:수립비=40%:30%:30%),채용담비후이(기비:분얼비:수립비=30%:20%:50%)적시비비례,수도산량화성숙기TNA분별증가6.2%화16.4%,도전삼루액NO_3~--N급총N농도분별강저8.9%화4.8%.이대NH~+_4-N농도영향불현저,설명괄의적담비운주가이증가수도적산량화담'소흡수,감소담소삼루손실.
Effects of nitrogen management on rice nitrogen uptake and nitrogen concentration in the leachate from rice field were examined by a field experiment. In this study, the nitrogen was applied in three splits as 40% basal, 30% at 10 days after transplanting (DAT), 30% 36 DAT and 30% basal, 20% 10 DAT, 50% 36 DAT at three N rates as 0, 150, 240 kg N·hm~(-2). The results showed that three N concentrations (NH~+_4-N, NO~-_3-N and total N )in the leachate reached the highest on the third day after fertilizer application, and thereafter decreased. Three N concentrations at 7th day were separately in ranges of 5.6%~16.9%,13.8%~22.5%,22.5%~34.5% at the third day. Grain yield, nitrogen uptake and three N concentrations in the leachate were significantly increased as the N rates increased from 0 to 240 kg N·hm~(-2). At the N rate of 240 kg N·hm~(-2), grain yield and nitrogen uptake were 6.2% and 16.4% higher when the nitrogen was applied in three splits as 30% basal, 20% 10 DAT, 50% 36 DAT, compared with that of the N splits as 40%basal, 30% 10 DAT, 30% 36 DAT. However, the concentrations of NO~-_3-N and total N in the leachates were 8.9% and 4.8% lower in former splits than the latter splits, respectively. No obvious differences in the NH~+_4-N concentration in the leachates were observed among different N splits. The results revealed that appropriate fertilizer application in three splits as 30% basal, 20% 10 DAT, 50% 36 DAT could increased grain yield, nitrogen uptake and decreased nitrogen leaching loss.