中华劳动卫生职业病杂志
中華勞動衛生職業病雜誌
중화노동위생직업병잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
2012年
10期
759-762
,共4页
职业病%流行病学研究%发病趋势
職業病%流行病學研究%髮病趨勢
직업병%류행병학연구%발병추세
Occupational disease%Epidemiological study%Incidence trend
目的 分析广州市近10年职业病发病规律和特征,为制定职业病防治政策提供科学依据.方法 对2001-2010年全市职业病报告数据进行统计分析.结果 10年间共报告新诊断职业病8大类37种380例,职业中毒、尘肺和职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病发病数位居前3位,分别占病例总数的48.9％、20.0％和18.7％.急性职业中毒病例占职业中毒病例数的25.3％,其中二氯乙烷中毒病例数居首位,占19.1％；慢性职业中毒占职业中毒病例数的74.7％,其中铅、苯和正己烷中毒引起的病例数位居前3位,分别占病例数的38.8％、37.4％和18.0％.矽肺病例占尘肺病例数的77.6％.噪声聋病例占职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病病例数的97.2％.全市13个区市均有职业病报告,番禺、天河、白云、荔湾区病例数位居前4位,分别占病例数的18.9％、13.2％、12.9％和11.1％.病例分布在19个行业,轻工和机械行业病例数位居前2位,分别占27.1％和23.7％.公有经济企业占29.5％,私有经济企业占40.3％,外商经济及港澳台经济占30.3％.男女病例性别比为15∶4.平均发病年龄为(42.2±10.9)岁.职业病发病平均发展速度为134.0％,平均增长速度为34.0％.结论 广州市2001至2010年职业病发病呈逐年增加趋势,呈现发病年龄轻,接触工龄短的趋势.铅、苯、正己烷和二氯乙烷等化学物引起的职业中毒、矽肺和噪声聋是广州市的主要职业病危害,职业病发生在每个地区和多个行业,非公有经济企业和小型企业应成为职业卫生工作的重点监控对象.
目的 分析廣州市近10年職業病髮病規律和特徵,為製定職業病防治政策提供科學依據.方法 對2001-2010年全市職業病報告數據進行統計分析.結果 10年間共報告新診斷職業病8大類37種380例,職業中毒、塵肺和職業性耳鼻喉口腔疾病髮病數位居前3位,分彆佔病例總數的48.9％、20.0％和18.7％.急性職業中毒病例佔職業中毒病例數的25.3％,其中二氯乙烷中毒病例數居首位,佔19.1％；慢性職業中毒佔職業中毒病例數的74.7％,其中鉛、苯和正己烷中毒引起的病例數位居前3位,分彆佔病例數的38.8％、37.4％和18.0％.矽肺病例佔塵肺病例數的77.6％.譟聲聾病例佔職業性耳鼻喉口腔疾病病例數的97.2％.全市13箇區市均有職業病報告,番禺、天河、白雲、荔灣區病例數位居前4位,分彆佔病例數的18.9％、13.2％、12.9％和11.1％.病例分佈在19箇行業,輕工和機械行業病例數位居前2位,分彆佔27.1％和23.7％.公有經濟企業佔29.5％,私有經濟企業佔40.3％,外商經濟及港澳檯經濟佔30.3％.男女病例性彆比為15∶4.平均髮病年齡為(42.2±10.9)歲.職業病髮病平均髮展速度為134.0％,平均增長速度為34.0％.結論 廣州市2001至2010年職業病髮病呈逐年增加趨勢,呈現髮病年齡輕,接觸工齡短的趨勢.鉛、苯、正己烷和二氯乙烷等化學物引起的職業中毒、矽肺和譟聲聾是廣州市的主要職業病危害,職業病髮生在每箇地區和多箇行業,非公有經濟企業和小型企業應成為職業衛生工作的重點鑑控對象.
목적 분석엄주시근10년직업병발병규률화특정,위제정직업병방치정책제공과학의거.방법 대2001-2010년전시직업병보고수거진행통계분석.결과 10년간공보고신진단직업병8대류37충380례,직업중독、진폐화직업성이비후구강질병발병수위거전3위,분별점병례총수적48.9％、20.0％화18.7％.급성직업중독병례점직업중독병례수적25.3％,기중이록을완중독병례수거수위,점19.1％；만성직업중독점직업중독병례수적74.7％,기중연、분화정기완중독인기적병례수위거전3위,분별점병례수적38.8％、37.4％화18.0％.석폐병례점진폐병례수적77.6％.조성롱병례점직업성이비후구강질병병례수적97.2％.전시13개구시균유직업병보고,번우、천하、백운、려만구병례수위거전4위,분별점병례수적18.9％、13.2％、12.9％화11.1％.병례분포재19개행업,경공화궤계행업병례수위거전2위,분별점27.1％화23.7％.공유경제기업점29.5％,사유경제기업점40.3％,외상경제급항오태경제점30.3％.남녀병례성별비위15∶4.평균발병년령위(42.2±10.9)세.직업병발병평균발전속도위134.0％,평균증장속도위34.0％.결론 엄주시2001지2010년직업병발병정축년증가추세,정현발병년령경,접촉공령단적추세.연、분、정기완화이록을완등화학물인기적직업중독、석폐화조성롱시엄주시적주요직업병위해,직업병발생재매개지구화다개행업,비공유경제기업화소형기업응성위직업위생공작적중점감공대상.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangzhou City,China in 2001-2010,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods Statistical analysis was performed on the reported data on the occupational diseases in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2010.Results A total of 380 cases of occupational diseases (37 types,8 classes) were diagnosed and reported in 2001-2010.The three most frequent diseases were occupational poisonings (48.9％),pneumoconiosis (20.0％),and occupational ear,nose,and throat (ENT) diseases (18.7％).In the cases of occupational poisonings,25.3％ suffered from acute occupational poisonings,especially the poisoning by dichloroethane (19.1％),and 74.7％ suffered from chronic occupational poisonings,mainly caused by lead (38.8％),benzene (37.4％),and n-hexane (18.0％).The cases of silicosis accounted for 77.6％ of all cases of pneumoconiosis.The cases of noise-induced deafness accounted for 97.2％ of all cases of occupational ENT diseases.Patients with occupational diseases were reported in 13 districts of Guangzhou,mostly in Panyu (18.9％),Tianhe (13.2％),Baiyun (12.9％),and Liwan (11.1％).All the cases occurred in 19 industries,mainly including light industry (27.1％) and machinery industry (23.7％).Of all cases,29.5％ were in the public sector,40.3％ in the private sector,and 30.3％ in the foreign-funded enterprises and those funded by businessmen from Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan.The ratio of male to female cases was 15∶4.The mean age of onset was 42.2 ±10.9 years.The average speed of development of occupational diseases was 134.0％,and the average growth rate was 34.0％.Conclusion The incidence of occupational diseases tends to increase year by year,with younger age of onset and shorter history of exposure in patients.The occupational poisonings caused by lead,benzene,n-hexane,and dichloroethane,silicosis,and noise-induced deafness seem to be the main occupational hazards in Guangzhou,China.Occupational diseases occur in all districts of Guangzhou and in various industries.The private sector and small enterprises should be the focuses of occupational health supervision.
