"封洲禁牧"控制血吸虫病流行的效果及其影响因素
"봉주금목"공제혈흡충병류행적효과급기영향인소
The effect and influencing factors of schistosomiasis control by forbidding livestock depasturing on marshland with Oncomelania snails
  • 万方数据
    中华预防医学杂志 중화예방의학잡지
    CHINESE JOURNAL OF
    2010年 6期 494-499 ,共6页

    祝红庆%姜唯声%洪献林%曹淳力%胡卓辉%余晴%范云龙%鲍子平%吴国胜%郭家钢

    축홍경%강유성%홍헌림%조순력%호탁휘%여청%범운룡%포자평%오국성%곽가강

    血吸虫病%环境%控制%影响因素 血吸蟲病%環境%控製%影響因素
    혈흡충병%배경%공제%영향인소
    Schistosomiasis%Environment%Control%Influening factors
    目的 评价"封洲禁牧"控制血吸虫病的效果及分析其影响因素.方法 选择江西省进贤县2005-2007年间开始实施"封洲禁牧"的爱国、新和、黄家、繁荣、丰富和曹门 6个村及相应的爱国牛洲、六零圩洲、黄家牛洲、大洲、勾连洲和犁头咀洲等6块草洲.每年采用单纯随机的方法抽取试点村约300名居民进行Kato-Katz病情调查,春秋两季对试点村相应的草洲进行系统抽样查螺;选择高程16.5 m以上富田大岸草洲进行螺情调查并翻耕和种植芝麻;对丰富和爱国村20～50岁常住居民进行问卷调查,调查内容包括被调查居民的基本情况及居民对实施"封洲禁牧"的认知情况,了解居民对"封洲禁牧"的依从性及分析其影响因素.结果 在实施"封洲禁牧"前,爱国、新和、黄家、繁荣、丰富和曹门村的人群感染率分别为11.35%(90/793)、4.00%(12/300)、4.00%(6/150)、8.00%(12/150)、3.17%(4/126)和6.64%(14/211),6个村实施"封洲禁牧"后,至2008年,其感染率分别下降至0.18%(1/551)、0.00%(0/348)、0.00%(0/316)、2.27%(7/308)、1.17%(5/428)和1.16%(5/430),除丰富村外(χ2=2.4,P=0.12),其他5个村人群感染率明显下降(χ2＝126.77,P<0.01;χ2=16.31,P<0.01;χ2=18.79,P<0.01;χ2=10.39,P<0.01;χ2=14.17,P<0.01);6个相应的草洲中有5个草洲未发现感染性钉螺,只在单元性较差的大洲发现了3只感染性钉螺;2008年在富田大岸草洲种植经济作物,使得该草洲活螺密度从种植前的0.063只/0.11 m2(34/540)下降至种植后的0.0074只/0.11 m2(4/538),下降了88.25%(Z=12.47,P<0.01);发放调查问卷986份,获得有效问卷968份,综合评价显示爱国和丰富村居民对"封洲禁牧"的依从性分别是84.38%(216/256),75.42%(537/712).通过建立logistic回归模型显示,居民对草洲放牧的危害性知晓情况、居民"以机代牛"的意愿和是否愿意在草洲上投入这3个变量是影响居民实施"封洲禁牧"的因素.结论 在单元性强的草洲实施"封洲禁牧"2～3年后,能有效控制感染性钉螺密度,降低人群感染率;影响"封洲禁牧"的主要因素是村民对在草洲上放牧危险性的认识程度,"以机代牛"的意愿和是否愿意在草洲上投入有关.
    목적 평개"봉주금목"공제혈흡충병적효과급분석기영향인소.방법 선택강서성진현현2005-2007년간개시실시"봉주금목"적애국、신화、황가、번영、봉부화조문 6개촌급상응적애국우주、륙령우주、황가우주、대주、구련주화리두저주등6괴초주.매년채용단순수궤적방법추취시점촌약300명거민진행Kato-Katz병정조사,춘추량계대시점촌상응적초주진행계통추양사라;선택고정16.5 m이상부전대안초주진행라정조사병번경화충식지마;대봉부화애국촌20～50세상주거민진행문권조사,조사내용포괄피조사거민적기본정황급거민대실시"봉주금목"적인지정황,료해거민대"봉주금목"적의종성급분석기영향인소.결과 재실시"봉주금목"전,애국、신화、황가、번영、봉부화조문촌적인군감염솔분별위11.35%(90/793)、4.00%(12/300)、4.00%(6/150)、8.00%(12/150)、3.17%(4/126)화6.64%(14/211),6개촌실시"봉주금목"후,지2008년,기감염솔분별하강지0.18%(1/551)、0.00%(0/348)、0.00%(0/316)、2.27%(7/308)、1.17%(5/428)화1.16%(5/430),제봉부촌외(χ2=2.4,P=0.12),기타5개촌인군감염솔명현하강(χ2＝126.77,P<0.01;χ2=16.31,P<0.01;χ2=18.79,P<0.01;χ2=10.39,P<0.01;χ2=14.17,P<0.01);6개상응적초주중유5개초주미발현감염성정라,지재단원성교차적대주발현료3지감염성정라;2008년재부전대안초주충식경제작물,사득해초주활라밀도종충식전적0.063지/0.11 m2(34/540)하강지충식후적0.0074지/0.11 m2(4/538),하강료88.25%(Z=12.47,P<0.01);발방조사문권986빈,획득유효문권968빈,종합평개현시애국화봉부촌거민대"봉주금목"적의종성분별시84.38%(216/256),75.42%(537/712).통과건립logistic회귀모형현시,거민대초주방목적위해성지효정황、거민"이궤대우"적의원화시부원의재초주상투입저3개변량시영향거민실시"봉주금목"적인소.결론 재단원성강적초주실시"봉주금목"2～3년후,능유효공제감염성정라밀도,강저인군감염솔;영향"봉주금목"적주요인소시촌민대재초주상방목위험성적인식정도,"이궤대우"적의원화시부원의재초주상투입유관.
    Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control by forbidding livestock depasturing on marshland with Oncomelania snails and to analyse its influencing factors.Methods The village of Aiguo,Xinhe,Huangjia,Fanrong,Fengfu and Caomen and its respective nearby marshland,I.e.,Aiguoniu,Liulingwei,Huangjianiu,Da,Goulian,and Litouzui,in Jinxian county,Jiangxi province were selected as the pilot areas for implementing the measures of forbidding livestock depasturing on the marshlands with Oncomelania snails during the period of the year 2005 to 2007.A total of 300 residents in each village were randomly chosen for stool examination with the Kato-Katz technique every year.The snail survey was carried out in spring and autumn every year on the marshlands close to the villages with systemic sampling method. The marshlands with a height 16. 5 m above the sea level in Futian was selected for snail survey and planting with sesame. The residents aged 20 - 50 years old in Fengfu and Aiguo villages were studied by using questionnaire on the compliance of forbidding livestock pasturing on marshlands with Oncomelania snails. Results Before implementation of the measures,human infection rate with Schistosoma japonicum was 11.35% (90/793) in Aiguo,4.00% (12/300) in Xinhe,4. 00% (6/150) in Huangjia,8. 00% ( 12/150 ) in Fanrong, 3. 17% (4/126) in Fengfu and 6. 64% ( 14/211 ) in Caomen. After implementation in 2008, human schistsome infection rate in the aforementioned 6 villages was declined to 0. 18% ( 1/551 ), 0. 00% (0/348), 0. 00% (0/316), 2. 27% (7/308), 1.17% ( 5/428 ) and 1.16% (5/430) ,respectively. Only in Fengfu village the decline of the human prevalence was not significant( χ2 =2. 4,P =0. 12) ,while in the other 5 villages,human prevalence rate had been declined significantly (χ2 =126. 77,P<0.01; χ2= 16.31,P<0.01; χ2= 18.79,P<0.01; χ2= 10.39,P<0.01; χ2= 14. 17,P<0. 01 ,respectively). Infected snails were not found in 5 out of the 6 marshlands close to the villages. Three infected snails were founded in Da marshland because of poor environmental isolation. Before planting, the living snail density was 0. 063/0. 11 m2 (34/540), and after planting, the living snail density was 0. 0074/0. 11 m2 (4/538), a 88. 25 % reduction ( Z = 12. 47, P < 0. 01 ) was recorded through economy crop planting at Futiandaan marshland in 2008. A total of 986 pieces of questionnaire were provided, and 968 valid ones were collected. The results of questionnaire indicate that compliance of forbidding livestock depasturing on marshlnnd with Oncomelania snails in Aiguo and Fengfu villages was 84. 38% ( 216/256 ) and 75.42% (537/712), respectively. Using logistic regression model, knowledge level on harmfulness of livestock depasturing on marshland with Oncomelania snails, willingness of culture with machine to substitute traditional cattle culture, and willingness of investment to marshland culture development are 3 varieties that affect residents' implementation of forbidding livestock depasturing on marshland with Oncomelania snails. Conclusion The infected snail density and human schistosome infection rate were reduced on the marshlands of well environmental isolation after 2 - 3 years implementation of forbidding livestock depasturing on marshlands with Oncomelania snails. The key influencing factors of forbidding livestock depasturing on marshland with Ortcomelania snails are knowledge level on harmfulness of livestock depasturing on the snail infested marshlands, the willingness of machine culture to substitute cattle culture, and the willingness of investment to marshland culture development.
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