CAJ | 학술논문

目的分析2000-2009年青海省鼠疫流行特征,掌握鼠疫发生、发展规律,为今后鼠疫防治提供科学依据.方法应用描述流行病学方法对2000-2009年青海省鼠疫疫情现场调查、监测报告和公开发表的论文等相关资料进行分析,主要指标包括动物鼠疫的分布地区、宿主动物和媒介分布情况,以及人间鼠疫的地区、时间、人群分布情况.结果 2000-2009年,10年间青海省从各类动物、媒介昆虫共分离鼠疫菌189株,其中从旱獭分离77株,占40.74%,从斧形盖蚤分离40株,占21.16%;共检测出鼠疫F1抗体阳性血清238份,其中牧犬90份,占37.82%,旱獭63份,占26.47%;检出鼠疫菌的地区与检出阳性血清的地区相一致,主要分布在青藏铁路沿线的乌兰县、德令哈和格尔木市等地区;从青海田鼠及其寄生蚤体内检出鼠疫菌.10年间发生人间鼠疫13起,发病37例,死亡16例,病死率为43.24%;患者分布于同德、兴海、祁连、乌兰、天峻、囊谦、曲麻莱、称多、治多9个县的11个乡(镇);以5-10月份为发病季节,9月份为高峰期;病型以肺鼠疫为主,传播途径主要为接触鼠疫病人、经空气飞沫和剥食旱獭传播.结论青海省鼠疫疫情仍然严峻,应加强动物鼠疫监测,及时处理动物鼠疫,提高全省广大群众特别是农牧区群众的防病意识.重点加强青藏铁路沿线鼠疫预防和控制,严防人间鼠疫的发生和鼠疫远距离传播.
목적 분석2000-2009년청해성서역류행특정,장악서역발생、발전규률,위금후서역방치제공과학의거.방법 응용묘술류행병학방법대2000-2009년청해성서역역정현장조사、감측보고화공개발표적논문등상관자료진행분석,주요지표포괄동물서역적분포지구、숙주동물화매개분포정황,이급인간서역적지구、시간、인군분포정황.결과 2000-2009년,10년간청해성종각류동물、매개곤충공분리서역균189주,기중종한달분리77주,점40.74%,종부형개조분리40주,점21.16%;공검측출서역F1항체양성혈청238빈,기중목견90빈,점37.82%,한달63빈,점26.47%;검출서역균적지구여검출양성혈청적지구상일치,주요분포재청장철로연선적오란현、덕령합화격이목시등지구;종청해전서급기기생조체내검출서역균.10년간발생인간서역13기,발병37례,사망16례,병사솔위43.24%;환자분포우동덕、흥해、기련、오란、천준、낭겸、곡마래、칭다、치다9개현적11개향(진);이5-10월빈위발병계절,9월빈위고봉기;병형이폐서역위주,전파도경주요위접촉서역병인、경공기비말화박식한달전파.결론 청해성서역역정잉연엄준,응가강동물서역감측,급시처리동물서역,제고전성엄대군음특별시농목구군음적방병의식.중점가강청장철로연선서역예방화공제,엄방인간서역적발생화서역원거리전파.
Objective To analyze the endemic features of plague in Qinghai province between 2000 and 2009, discover the law of occurrence and progression, in order to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was employed to analyze the data from on the spot investigation, monitoring reports and papers published between 2000 and 2009. The indicators included the area, host and media distribution of animal plague and area, time, and population distribution of human plague.Results In Qinghai province between 2000 and 2009, 189 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from a variety of animals and insect vectors, including 77 from the marmot, accounting for 40.74%, 40 from Callopaylla dolabris,accounting for 21.16%. Positive serum antibodies against F1 plague were detected in 238 samples, including 90 samples from husbandry dogs, 63 from woodchucks. The areas with Yersinia pestis were consistent with the areas with positive serum antibodies against F1 plague, which distributed mainly along the Qinghai-Tibet railway Wulan county, Delhi and Golmud Multi-county;confirmed that there was natural foci of plague in Qinghai vole. Between 2000 and 2009, 13 events of human plague occurred, with 37 cases and 16 patients died, mortality was 43.24%.Cases were distributed in 11 townships of Tongde, Xinghai, Qilian, Wulan, Tianjun, Nangqian, Qumalai,Chengduo and Zhiduo counties. May to October was the disease season, with September the peak. Pneumonic plague disease type was the main mode of transmission of the plague and patients often contacted with airborne droplets through the air and peeling fresh Marmota. Conclusions Plague in Qinghai province is still grim,strengthening animal plague surveillance, and timely disposal of animal plague, improving the province's agricultural and pastoral areas, especially increase the disease prevention consciousness of the masses are future tasks. Work should be focused on strengthening the prevention and control of plague along Qinghai-Tibet railway,and prevent the occurrence and long-distance transmission of human plague.