CAJ | 학술논문

油页岩的沉积环境有很多种,而且组成各不相同。油页岩可按照组成（例如方解石等碳酸盐矿物质或石英、粘土等碎屑矿物质）或沉积环境（海相,湖相和陆相）进行分类。油页岩中的大多数有机质起源于藻类,少数起源于陆上维管植物的残骸。有机质的三种主要类型是结构藻类体、层状藻类体和沥青质体。某些油页岩也包括金属钒、锌、铜和铀等。大多数油页岩矿层通过在中寒武纪、早中奥陶纪、晚泥盆纪、晚侏罗纪和第三纪的藻类沼泽环境下的埋藏,致使有机质通过成岩作用转化为干酪根。大型湖泊沉积是最大的油页岩矿层,例如美国绿河油页岩矿层。大陆架边缘的浅海沉积的油页岩矿层比大型湖泊盆地的矿层薄。
유혈암적침적배경유흔다충,이차조성각불상동。유혈암가안조조성（례여방해석등탄산염광물질혹석영、점토등쇄설광물질）혹침적배경（해상,호상화륙상）진행분류。유혈암중적대다수유궤질기원우조류,소수기원우륙상유관식물적잔해。유궤질적삼충주요류형시결구조류체、층상조류체화력청질체。모사유혈암야포괄금속범、자、동화유등。대다수유혈암광층통과재중한무기、조중오도기、만니분기、만주라기화제삼기적조류소택배경하적매장,치사유궤질통과성암작용전화위간락근。대형호박침적시최대적유혈암광층,례여미국록하유혈암광층。대륙가변연적천해침적적유혈암광층비대형호박분지적광층박。
Oil shale＇s formation took place in a number of depositional settings and had considerable compositional variation.Oil shales can be classified by their composition（carbonate minerals such as calcite or detrital minerals such as quartz and clays） or by their depositional environment（large lakes,shallow marine,and lagoon/small lake settings）.Much of the organic matter in oil shale was algal origin,but may also include remains of vascular land plants.Three major types of organic matter（macerals） in oil shale were telalginite,lamalginite,and bituminite.Some oil-shale deposits also contained metals,including vanadium,zinc,copper,and uranium.Most oil shale deposits were formed during Middle Cambrian,Early and Middle Ordovician,Late Devonian,Late Jurassic,and Paleogene times through burial by sedimentary loading on top of the algal swamp deposits,resulting in conversion of the organic matter to kerogen by diagenetic processes.The largest deposits were found in the remains of large lakes such as the deposits of the Green River Formation of Wyoming and Utah,USA.Oil-shale deposits formed in the shallow seas of continental shelves generally were much thin than that of large lake basin deposits.