CAJ | 학술논문

对紫萁属Osmunda五种植物:狭叶紫萁D angustifolia Ching、紫萁O japonica Thunb.、华南紫萁O vachellii Hook.、粗齿紫萁O banksifolia(Presl)Kuhn和粤紫萁O.mildei C.Chr.的体细胞染色体形态和孢子母细胞减数分裂时染色体的行为进行了研究.五种紫其属植物的体细胞染色体数目均为2n=44,孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中,狭叶紫萁,紫萁、华南紫萁和粗齿紫萁染色体配对和联合行为正常,中期I染色体构型多为环状二价体,粗齿紫萁偶尔可观察到三价体和单价体,狭叶紫萁中期I偶可观察到1-2个提早分离的单价体,后期II可观察到染色体桥和断片,据此推测易位和倒位等染色体畸变作用在紫萁属植物物种形成和演化过程中具有重要意义.粤紫萁是华南分布的一个特有珍稀种、孢子母细胞减数分裂前期到中期无染色体配对和联会,导致染色体后期行为异常,80%的孢子母细胞有落后染色体和不均等分离现象,形成的孢子几乎完全败育,基于粤紫萁减数分裂显著偏离正常的同源染色体配对和联会现象,结合核型方面和形态学方面证据,认为粤紫萁是一个杂交种.
대자기속Osmunda오충식물:협협자기D angustifolia Ching、자기O japonica Thunb.、화남자기O vachellii Hook.、조치자기O banksifolia(Presl)Kuhn화월자기O.mildei C.Chr.적체세포염색체형태화포자모세포감수분렬시염색체적행위진행료연구.오충자기속식물적체세포염색체수목균위2n=44,포자모세포감수분렬과정중,협협자기,자기、화남자기화조치자기염색체배대화연합행위정상,중기I염색체구형다위배상이개체,조치자기우이가관찰도삼개체화단개체,협협자기중기I우가관찰도1-2개제조분리적단개체,후기II가관찰도염색체교화단편,거차추측역위화도위등염색체기변작용재자기속식물물충형성화연화과정중구유중요의의.월자기시화남분포적일개특유진희충、포자모세포감수분렬전기도중기무염색체배대화련회,도치염색체후기행위이상,80%적포자모세포유락후염색체화불균등분리현상,형성적포자궤호완전패육,기우월자기감수분렬현저편리정상적동원염색체배대화련회현상,결합핵형방면화형태학방면증거,인위월자기시일개잡교충.
In the present study,obervation was made on chromosome morphology and behavior during meiosis of spore mother cells (SMCs) for five species in the genus Osmunda:O.angustifolia Ching,O. japonica Thunb., O.vachellii Hook.,O.banksiifolia (Presl) Kuhn.,and O.mildef C.Chr.The chromosome number of root tip cells of the five species is uniformly 2n=44.Chromosome pairing and synapsis were normal during meiosis and the common configurations at metaphase I were circular bivalents in O. angustifolia, O.japonica,O.vachellii and O.banksiifolia.Trivalents and univalents were occasionally observed in O.banksiifolia,while univalents at meta- phase I.and chromosome bridges and fragments were observed at anaphase II in O. angustifolia.It is suggestedthat translocation and inversion are responsible for the phenomenon observed.No chromosome pairing and syn-apsis were observed in O.mildei from prophase I to metaphase I.and they resulted in abnormal chromosome behavior:more than 80% of the SMCs showing lagging chromosomes and unequal segregation of chromosomes. The spores produced were almost sterile because of abnormal chromosome constitution.Based on the departure from the normal homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis,it is suggested that Osmunda mildei nfight be an interspecific hybrid.