CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查渔民发生眼部灼伤的船舱中硫化氢(H2S)的污染情况.方法共监测56艘渔船舱内H2S浓度,56名渔民接受眼部检查.其中,对21艘既发生渔民眼灼伤又符合监测条件的渔船进行舱内空气采样,以确定H2S灼伤眼部及全身中毒的末期浓度;并对舱内H2S浓度、舱内作业时间与眼灼伤程度之间关系进行分析;将30艘未卸鱼货渔船分为2组,分别应用鼓风、喷洒法和自然敞开法消散H2S,以确定消散H2S的有效方法.选定只有眼部球结膜轻度充血或轻微咳嗽的渔民所在5艘渔船进行单次监测,确定H2S灼伤眼、呼吸道黏膜的阈浓度.结果 56名接受眼部检查的渔民中,有46例(92只眼)发生眼灼伤,其中中度灼伤10例(20只眼)、轻度36例(72只眼),来自21艘船.21艘引起渔民眼灼伤渔船舱内H2S浓度为(99±38)mg/m3.30艘未卸货渔船舱内首次监测H2S浓度为(219±31)mg/m3;鼓喷组H2S浓度为(213±24)mg/m3,自然敞开组H2S浓度为(225±36)mg/m3;消散1.0 h后鼓喷组H2S浓度为(21±3)mg/m3,衰减(192±21)mg/m3,衰减率为90%;自然敞开组H2S浓度为(184±36)mg/m3,衰减(41±8)mg/m3,衰减率为18%;两组衰减浓度比较差异有统计学意义(t=25.627,P＜0.05).渔船舱内引起渔民眼灼伤的阈浓度为38 mg/m3.暴露时间120 min,10例眼部中度灼伤渔民所在7艘渔船舱内H2S浓度为(123±9)mg/m3;19例轻度眼灼伤渔民所在7艘渔船舱内H2S浓度为(54±7)mg/m3,两组H2S浓度比较,差异有统计学意义(t=14.236,P＜0.05).结论船舱内H2S浓度高,暴露时间长,可加重渔民眼部灼伤.短时间消散船舱内H2S有效方法为舱底鼓风、舱内喷洒雨雾.
목적 조사어민발생안부작상적선창중류화경(H2S)적오염정황.방법 공감측56소어선창내H2S농도,56명어민접수안부검사.기중,대21소기발생어민안작상우부합감측조건적어선진행창내공기채양,이학정H2S작상안부급전신중독적말기농도;병대창내H2S농도、창내작업시간여안작상정도지간관계진행분석;장30소미사어화어선분위2조,분별응용고풍、분쇄법화자연창개법소산H2S,이학정소산H2S적유효방법.선정지유안부구결막경도충혈혹경미해수적어민소재5소어선진행단차감측,학정H2S작상안、호흡도점막적역농도.결과 56명접수안부검사적어민중,유46례(92지안)발생안작상,기중중도작상10례(20지안)、경도36례(72지안),래자21소선.21소인기어민안작상어선창내H2S농도위(99±38)mg/m3.30소미사화어선창내수차감측H2S농도위(219±31)mg/m3;고분조H2S농도위(213±24)mg/m3,자연창개조H2S농도위(225±36)mg/m3;소산1.0 h후고분조H2S농도위(21±3)mg/m3,쇠감(192±21)mg/m3,쇠감솔위90%;자연창개조H2S농도위(184±36)mg/m3,쇠감(41±8)mg/m3,쇠감솔위18%;량조쇠감농도비교차이유통계학의의(t=25.627,P＜0.05).어선창내인기어민안작상적역농도위38 mg/m3.폭로시간120 min,10례안부중도작상어민소재7소어선창내H2S농도위(123±9)mg/m3;19례경도안작상어민소재7소어선창내H2S농도위(54±7)mg/m3,량조H2S농도비교,차이유통계학의의(t=14.236,P＜0.05).결론 선창내H2S농도고,폭로시간장,가가중어민안부작상.단시간소산선창내H2S유효방법위창저고풍、창내분쇄우무.
Objective To investigate the H2S pollution in cabins which caused the fishermen's eye burns. Methods Fifty-six fishing boats' H2S concentration was surveyed and 56 fishermen's eyes were inspected. The air samples were collected from 21 fishing boats' cabins,where the eye burns took place and the monitoring conditions met the inspection requirement, in order to confirm the concentration of H2S when eye burns and the systemic poisoning happened. Thirty fishing boats were divided into two groups: one was using air ventilating and spraying, the other was using naturally ventilation to find out the effective method of dispersing H2S. Five fishing boats were surveyed in which the fishermen had slight symptom of bulbar conjunctiva hyperemia and cough to find out the minimum concentration of H2S which caused the eye burns and respiratory mucosa. Results Among 56 fishermen who were surveyed,46 fishermen's eyes (92 eyes)burnt and they were from 21 vessels,10 of them (20 eyes) were moderate,36 of them (72 eyes) were light. The concentration of H2S in the 21 fishing boats' cabins which caused eye burns was (99 ± 38)mg/m3.The first measuring of the concentration of H2S in the 30 fishing boats in which fish were not discharged yet was(219 ± 31)mg/m3. Air ventilating and spraying group's concentration of H2S was (213 ± 24)mg/m3,while that of naturally ventilation group's was(225 ± 36)mg/m3. Dispersing after 1 hour,the concentration of H2S of air ventilating and spraying group was(21 ± 3) mg/m3 ,the decreased concentration was(192 ± 21)mg/m3 ,fell 90%; the concentration of naturally ventilation group was (184 ± 36) mg/m3,the decreased concentration was(41 ± 8)mg/m3 ,fell 18%. The difference between the two groups' decreased concentration was significant (t = 25. 627 ,P ＜ 0. 05). The threshold value of H2S concentration that could cause the eye burns was 38 mg/m3 (exposure time 120 min). In 7 vessels,the concentration of H2S in the cabins was (123 ±9) mg/m3 where 10 fishermen's moderate eye burns happened. In other 7 vessels,the concentration of H2S in the cabins was (54 ±7) mg/m3 where 19 fishermen's light eye burns happened. The difference of H2 S concentration between the two groups was significant (t = 14. 236, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion High H2S concentration and long exposure time in cabin can cause serious eye burns. The bilge air ventilation and inner cabin spraying are the effective method to clear the H2S in cabin within short time.