CAJ | 학술논문

家蚕 Bombyx mori 是一种重要的经济昆虫,在中国约有5 000年的驯化历史.家蚕分子免疫学方面的最新研究已经初步勾勒出其先天免疫的轮廓.本研究基于更新的家蚕基因组数据,通过与黑腹果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster、冈比亚按蚊 Anopheles gambiae、意大利蜜蜂 Apis mellifera 和赤拟谷盗 Tribolium castaneum 基因组的比较分析,鉴定了家蚕21个免疫相关基因家族的218个基因,其编码产物包括模式识别受体、信号传导因子、效应分子和氧化防御相关的酶类.尽管信号传导因子的序列分化较大,但系统进化分析显示它们在不同昆虫间呈明显的直系同源关系.相反,与识别、调制和效应因子相关的基因的序列保守性更高.但是这些基因家族明显缺乏直系同源基因.由此推测这些基因是由物种特异的基因复制机制产生的.结果提示家蚕拥有与其他昆虫相同的免疫应答调控的分子机制,而且家蚕同样町以通过基因复制及其序列分化等方式调节防御策略.
가잠 Bombyx mori 시일충중요적경제곤충,재중국약유5 000년적순화역사.가잠분자면역학방면적최신연구이경초보구륵출기선천면역적륜곽.본연구기우경신적가잠기인조수거,통과여흑복과승 Drosophila melanogaster、강비아안문 Anopheles gambiae、의대리밀봉 Apis mellifera 화적의곡도 Tribolium castaneum 기인조적비교분석,감정료가잠21개면역상관기인가족적218개기인,기편마산물포괄모식식별수체、신호전도인자、효응분자화양화방어상관적매류.진관신호전도인자적서렬분화교대,단계통진화분석현시타문재불동곤충간정명현적직계동원관계.상반,여식별、조제화효응인자상관적기인적서렬보수성경고.단시저사기인가족명현결핍직계동원기인.유차추측저사기인시유물충특이적기인복제궤제산생적.결과제시가잠옹유여기타곤충상동적면역응답조공적분자궤제,이차가잠동양정이통과기인복제급기서렬분화등방식조절방어책략.
The silkworm,Bombyx mori,has been a domesticated,economically important insect for 5 000 years.Recent accomplishments in molecular immunology have revealed just a preliminary outline for silkworm innate immunity.The acquisition of the updated silkworm genome has enabled a comparative analysis of the silkworm immune-related genes and signaling pathways.In this study,through comparing with the sequenced Drosophila melanogaster,Anopheles gambiae,Apis mellifera and Tribolium castaneum genomes,we identified over 218 genes in the silkworm that fall into 21 families involved in immune defense,including pattern recognition receptors,signaling transducers,effectors and oxidative defense enzymes.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the signal transducers have remarkable orthologous relationships between different insect species in spite of the divergent sequences.In contrast,gene families associated with recognition,modulation and effectors exhibit more significant sequence conservation.However,the orthologs of these families are remarkably absent,presumably attributable to the lineage-specific gene duplication.Our results suggest that common mechanisms may be responsible for innate-immunity responses to pathogens via signaling pathways in the silkworm.Furthermore,hosts may adjust their defensive strategies by gene duplication and sequence divergence to kill pathogens.