国际医药卫生导报
國際醫藥衛生導報
국제의약위생도보
INTERNATIONAL MEDICINE & HEALTH GUIDANCE NEWS
2012年
3期
424-429
,共6页
张庆年%陈真富%钟茂耀%吴木生%张盈盈
張慶年%陳真富%鐘茂耀%吳木生%張盈盈
장경년%진진부%종무요%오목생%장영영
Electronic technology%Noise%Hearing loss
目的 了解电子技术企业噪声作业工人听力损失的特点,为采取控制和消除职业性噪声聋的发生提供依据.方法 对两家电子技术企业进行职业卫生调查,以噪声作业车间495名工人为噪声组,以150例无职业危害作业工人为对照组,用常规方法测量每个工人的左右耳气导听阈,按照GBZ47-2007计算平均听阈和判定听力状态,比较两组工人听力状况,并对噪声组听力损失进行统计学分析.结果 噪声组、对照组听力损失检出率分别为14.9％和1.3％,两组比较,差异有极显著性(P＜ 0.01).噪声组中,接触非稳态噪声、稳态噪声工人的听力损失检出率分别为15.3％、12.5％,冲压、打磨和粉碎工种工人的听力损失检出率分别为15.3％、13.3％和11.8％,工龄为＜5、5～、10～年组工人的听力损失检出率分别为8.2％、28.4％和38.3％,年龄为＜25、25～、39～岁组工人的听力损失检出率分别为0.0％、17.9％和29.6％；不同工种、不同类型噪声接触工人的听力损失检出率比较,差异均无显著性(P＞ 0.05)；x2趋势检验示,随着噪声作业工龄的增加、年龄的增加,听力损失检出率增加(P＜0.01)；逐步多因素Logistic回归分析显示,工龄、年龄是听力损失的独立危险因素.结论 电子技术行业高强度噪声引起作业人员听力损失,加强职业病防治管理措施,对降低职业性噪声聋的发生有重要意义.
目的 瞭解電子技術企業譟聲作業工人聽力損失的特點,為採取控製和消除職業性譟聲聾的髮生提供依據.方法 對兩傢電子技術企業進行職業衛生調查,以譟聲作業車間495名工人為譟聲組,以150例無職業危害作業工人為對照組,用常規方法測量每箇工人的左右耳氣導聽閾,按照GBZ47-2007計算平均聽閾和判定聽力狀態,比較兩組工人聽力狀況,併對譟聲組聽力損失進行統計學分析.結果 譟聲組、對照組聽力損失檢齣率分彆為14.9％和1.3％,兩組比較,差異有極顯著性(P＜ 0.01).譟聲組中,接觸非穩態譟聲、穩態譟聲工人的聽力損失檢齣率分彆為15.3％、12.5％,遲壓、打磨和粉碎工種工人的聽力損失檢齣率分彆為15.3％、13.3％和11.8％,工齡為＜5、5～、10～年組工人的聽力損失檢齣率分彆為8.2％、28.4％和38.3％,年齡為＜25、25～、39～歲組工人的聽力損失檢齣率分彆為0.0％、17.9％和29.6％；不同工種、不同類型譟聲接觸工人的聽力損失檢齣率比較,差異均無顯著性(P＞ 0.05)；x2趨勢檢驗示,隨著譟聲作業工齡的增加、年齡的增加,聽力損失檢齣率增加(P＜0.01)；逐步多因素Logistic迴歸分析顯示,工齡、年齡是聽力損失的獨立危險因素.結論 電子技術行業高彊度譟聲引起作業人員聽力損失,加彊職業病防治管理措施,對降低職業性譟聲聾的髮生有重要意義.
목적 료해전자기술기업조성작업공인은력손실적특점,위채취공제화소제직업성조성롱적발생제공의거.방법 대량가전자기술기업진행직업위생조사,이조성작업차간495명공인위조성조,이150례무직업위해작업공인위대조조,용상규방법측량매개공인적좌우이기도은역,안조GBZ47-2007계산평균은역화판정은력상태,비교량조공인은력상황,병대조성조은력손실진행통계학분석.결과 조성조、대조조은력손실검출솔분별위14.9％화1.3％,량조비교,차이유겁현저성(P＜ 0.01).조성조중,접촉비은태조성、은태조성공인적은력손실검출솔분별위15.3％、12.5％,충압、타마화분쇄공충공인적은력손실검출솔분별위15.3％、13.3％화11.8％,공령위＜5、5～、10～년조공인적은력손실검출솔분별위8.2％、28.4％화38.3％,년령위＜25、25～、39～세조공인적은력손실검출솔분별위0.0％、17.9％화29.6％；불동공충、불동류형조성접촉공인적은력손실검출솔비교,차이균무현저성(P＞ 0.05)；x2추세검험시,수착조성작업공령적증가、년령적증가,은력손실검출솔증가(P＜0.01)；축보다인소Logistic회귀분석현시,공령、년령시은력손실적독립위험인소.결론 전자기술행업고강도조성인기작업인원은력손실,가강직업병방치관리조시,대강저직업성조성롱적발생유중요의의.
Objective To provide support for the control and elimination of occupational noise-induced hearing loss by exploring the features of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers in electronic technology enterprises.Methods A survey on occupational health was conducted in two enterprises.495 workers exposed to environmental noise in the enterprises were studied as noise-exposed group and 160 workers with no noise exposure enrolled as control group.The air conduction thresholds were detected in both ears by routine methods.According to the criteria on GBZA9-2007, the average thresholds were calculated and the hearing status was determined and then was compared between the two groups.Hearing loss in noise- exposed group was analyzed.Results The detectable rate of hearing loss differed significantly between the noise-exposed group and in the control group( 14.9％ vs.1.3％,P＜ 0.01 ).In the noise exposed group,the detectable rate was 15.3％ in the workers exposed to non-stationary noise and 12.5％ in those exposed to stationary noise； and it was 15.3％ for those in charge of punching,13.3％ for polishing,and 11.8％ for grinding.The detectable rate was 8.2％ for the group exposed to noise less than 5 years,8.3％ for greater than 10 years,and 28.4％ for in-between and it was 0.0％,17.9％,and 29.6％ in different age groups of ＜ 25 years,25 to 39 years,and ＞ 39 years,respectively.The detectable rate did not differ significantly among different work types and among different sorts of noise ( P＞ 0.05 for all comparisons ).The x2 test revealed the detectable rate of hearing loss elevated with prolongation of noise exposure and an increase in age ( P＜ 0.01 for all comparisons ).Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed length of work and age were the independent risk factors of hearing loss.Conclusions High-intensity noise causes hearing loss in workers in electronic technology enterprises.It is of importance to enhance the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases to reduce occupational noise-induced hearing loss.
