CAJ | 학술논문

中国的生态补偿实施主要通过制度安排进行.在内蒙古农牧交错带,生态补偿主要通过两种模式进行,即对农牧户放弃土地使用和生产结构调整给予补偿.基于详尽的野外调查,本研究对农牧户经济受偿意愿进行了对比分析,并对两种生态补偿模式的效应进行了详细评价.结果表明,放弃土地使用的生态补偿模式缺乏创造就业机会的机制,因此不具有可持续性.与此相反,调整生产结构的补偿方式不但使农户从事农牧业的规模有了明显下降,而且有助于创造更多的就业机会.虽然这种模式会使农户面临很大的市场风险,但是它为解决区域生态系统恢复和社会经济发展之间的矛盾提供了一种有效方法.
중국적생태보상실시주요통과제도안배진행.재내몽고농목교착대,생태보상주요통과량충모식진행,즉대농목호방기토지사용화생산결구조정급여보상.기우상진적야외조사,본연구대농목호경제수상의원진행료대비분석,병대량충생태보상모식적효응진행료상세평개.결과표명,방기토지사용적생태보상모식결핍창조취업궤회적궤제,인차불구유가지속성.여차상반,조정생산결구적보상방식불단사농호종사농목업적규모유료명현하강,이차유조우창조경다적취업궤회.수연저충모식회사농호면림흔대적시장풍험,단시타위해결구역생태계통회복화사회경제발전지간적모순제공료일충유효방법.
Ecological compensation or eco-compensation has been implemented mainly through institutional arrangement in China.In the farming-pastoral transitional zone of Inner Mongolia,eco-compensation has been implemented in two modes,one for land use abandonment and the other for productionstructure adjustment.Based on a detailed field survey,this study performs a comparative analysis of the willingness of households to accept economic compensation and consequently evaluates the effects of the two eco-compensation modes.The mode of eco-compensation for land use abandonment lacks a mechanism for generating employment opportunities and so is unsustainable.In contrast,ecocompensation for production-structure adjustment makes the pastoral and farming scales of households decrease significantly and most importantly helps to generate more job opportunities.Although this mode faces households with more market risk,it provides an effective means for resolving conflicts between ecosystems restoration and regional socio-economic development.