CAJ | 학술논문

确定小麦不同小穗位和小花位发育与结实特性是实现大穗多粒的重要前提.本文通过对冬、春性小麦品种分期播种试验得出,较高的小穗结实力是增加穗粒数的重要因素.不同播期、品种之间,小穗粒重和粒数呈现相同的变化趋势.中部以及基部小穗粒重与穗粒重之间呈高度正相关.体现环境差异的播期效应以对中部小穗发育的影响为主,而冬、春性品种的基因型差异可反映在各个小穗位上.第2小花位的子粒发育状况反映整个小穗的生产能力.结果表明,促进中部优势小穗(第5～15小穗)结实和第1～3小花位子粒发育是提高小花结实率和穗粒重的关键.
학정소맥불동소수위화소화위발육여결실특성시실현대수다립적중요전제.본문통과대동、춘성소맥품충분기파충시험득출,교고적소수결실력시증가수립수적중요인소.불동파기、품충지간,소수립중화립수정현상동적변화추세.중부이급기부소수립중여수립중지간정고도정상관.체현배경차이적파기효응이대중부소수발육적영향위주,이동、춘성품충적기인형차이가반영재각개소수위상.제2소화위적자립발육상황반영정개소수적생산능력.결과표명,촉진중부우세소수(제5～15소수)결실화제1～3소화위자립발육시제고소화결실솔화수립중적관건.
The study on the characteristics of development and seed setting of different spikelet and floret positions was important for the realization of big-spike-cultural-goal with more spikelets and grains.With both the winter type(WV) and spring type(SV) varieties sown at different dates,it was found that the greater seed setting capacity of spikelets resulted in more grain number of spike.The trend of differences in grain weight per spikelet between the different sowing dates and varieties was similar to that of grain number.The correlation between the average grain weight of middle spikelets and lower spikelets and the grain weight per spike was highly significant.The environmental changes resulted from different sowing dates mainly effected the middle spikelets development,even though the differences between WV and SV were represented in every spikelet positions.The grain weight on the second floret position was most sensitive to the development status of wheat plant and environmental changes,and could represent the yielid potential of the whole spikelet.The results showed that the enhancement of seed setting of the middle spikelets(from 5th to 15th) and the grain development from the first to third floret positions was a key to realize big-spike and grain.