CAJ | 학술논문

自1999年我国开始试行以"退耕还林"工程为主的生态退耕以来,到目前已历时十年.特别是进入21世纪,工程实施强度较大,因此从国家尺度上进行宏观生态退耕格局的分析对于评估生态退耕政策和确定未来政策导向具有重要意义.本研究以TM遥感监测的土地利用变化数据库为基础分析2000-2005年生态退耕的时空格局.在此基础上,以黄土高原典型地区陕西中北部为研究区,采用生态位适宜度评价模型探讨了生态退耕工程实施的合理性.研究结果表明:(1)2000-2005年间,生态退耕主要集中在中国中部地区,尤其是在黄河和长江的中上游地区,生态退耕面积与建设占用面积基本持平.在各生态类型区中,黄土高原土壤侵蚀区生态退耕面积最大,达到了1162.50 km2,主要用于还林;(2)整体看来,研究区内生态退耕的空间格局是合理的,即适宜性越差的耕地退耕比例越大.从退耕区域的适宜性水平来看,有77-35%的地区属于勉强适宜区,其中退为林地的面积为603.32 km2,退为草地的面积为528.94km2.整个研究区内前者大于后者.然而,退耕地中仍有19.38%属于中度适宜区,原因可能来自于退耕指标分配等管理因素,另外,当地农民外出务工从而将中等适宜度的耕地退耕.结果表明,当前仍有大面积不适宜和勉强适宜的耕地存在,在未来工程实施过程区应该首先考虑该类地区.
자1999년아국개시시행이"퇴경환림"공정위주적생태퇴경이래,도목전이력시십년.특별시진입21세기,공정실시강도교대,인차종국가척도상진행굉관생태퇴경격국적분석대우평고생태퇴경정책화학정미래정책도향구유중요의의.본연구이TM요감감측적토지이용변화수거고위기출분석2000-2005년생태퇴경적시공격국.재차기출상,이황토고원전형지구협서중북부위연구구,채용생태위괄의도평개모형탐토료생태퇴경공정실시적합이성.연구결과표명:(1)2000-2005년간,생태퇴경주요집중재중국중부지구,우기시재황하화장강적중상유지구,생태퇴경면적여건설점용면적기본지평.재각생태류형구중,황토고원토양침식구생태퇴경면적최대,체도료1162.50 km2,주요용우환림;(2)정체간래,연구구내생태퇴경적공간격국시합리적,즉괄의성월차적경지퇴경비례월대.종퇴경구역적괄의성수평래간,유77-35%적지구속우면강괄의구,기중퇴위임지적면적위603.32 km2,퇴위초지적면적위528.94km2.정개연구구내전자대우후자.연이,퇴경지중잉유19.38%속우중도괄의구,원인가능래자우퇴경지표분배등관리인소,령외,당지농민외출무공종이장중등괄의도적경지퇴경.결과표명,당전잉유대면적불괄의화면강괄의적경지존재,재미래공정실시과정구응해수선고필해류지구.
The largest ecological restoration project in the form of Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) been implemented for about ten years in China since 1999. Nationwide research on Sloping Land Conversion (SLC) policy needs to examine especially at the beginning of 21st century, because the project has been implemented on unprecedented scale in this period. This study tried to monitor the spatial pattern of ecological SLC using land use change dataset from human-aided interpretation of Landsat TM images.Quantity and spatial pattern of SLC (2000-2005) including two types of conversion, namely "converting cultivated land into forest" and "converting cultivated land into grassland" was analyzed. A case study of Middle and Northern Shaanxi Province, which is one of the most typical region of Loess Plateau, was investigated to analyze the rationality of the project implementation based upon the two types of conversion. The model of habitat suitability for cropping was used for the rationality evaluation of SLCP.The results showed that: (1) SLCP was concentrated mainly in the central regions of China, especially in the middle reaches of Yangtze River and Yellow River, and SLC covered nearly a half of the total cropland loss; the soil erosion zone of Loess Plateau had a large area of sloping lands which was estimated about 1162.50 km2, and more than half of them for forestation; (2) the spatial location of the projects was rational on the whole, and the cropland with lower suitability levels had a higher area proportion convered. The proportion of sloping lands conversion in marginal suitability level was the largest and covered 77.35 % of all the SLCP area, of which 603.32 km2 was converted into forest lands and 528.94 km2 of that into grasslands. There was more croplands converted into forest than into grassland. The converted cropland area with moderate suitability still had a percentage of 19.38, and the possible reason was due to the management factor and target allocation of SLCP. Furthermore, local farmers set aside cropland, and then worked in cities for more subsides. There was still a large areas of cropland unsuitable and marginally suitable, which should be considered to be converted first of all in the future.