CAJ | 학술논문

西辽河地区史前和历史时期文化发达,分别发育了小河西文化-兴隆洼文化-赵宝沟文化-红山文化-小河沿文化-夏家店下层文化-夏家店上层文化,这些文化的兴衰同环境的演变密不可分,旱作农业的起源有可能在西辽河地区.西辽河地区古代环境、与人类文明发生以及演变关系一直是研究的热点,本研究将采自赤峰地区红山水库厚度为155cm的自然剖面进行了测年、孢粉和粒度分析,得到晚更新世末期西辽河地区古植被以及古环境资料.粒度分析说明沉积环境可能为河漫滩.孢粉分析结果显示:晚更新世末期进入全新世前,西辽河地区较现代温暖湿润,植被是草原植被,主要的植物是蒿属以及菊科的其他植物,河漫滩中生长有香蒲属植物,不远的山地分布有疏林,针叶树主要是松、云杉和铁杉,而阔叶树主要是桦木科、胡桃属、栎属和榆属.自下而上,将剖面分为4个孢粉组合带(Zone 1～4).Zone 1(15280～14680cal.aB.P.)和Zone 2(14680～14090cal.aB.P.),针叶树主要是云杉和铁杉,而阔叶树主要是桦木科和胡桃属植物;Zone 2,盘星藻大量增加;Zone 3(14090～13890cal.aB.P.),除了云杉和铁杉,松属也是主要的针叶树种类,此时香蒲的数量急剧增加;Zone 4分为2个亚带,即Zone 4-1(13890～13670cal.aB.P.)和Zone 4-2(13670～13110cal.aB.P.),Zone 4主要的针叶树为松-云杉,此时的阔叶树也变为落叶栎-榆属.在Zone 4-2,伴随着C/A值的增大,铁杉花粉消失.铁杉花粉消失在约13610cal.aB.P.,可能是由气候的干旱引起.相对温暖湿润的气候环境为农业的发生提供了丰富的野生资源,而后期环境趋于干旱,这町能是促使农业发生的一个因素.
서료하지구사전화역사시기문화발체,분별발육료소하서문화-흥륭와문화-조보구문화-홍산문화-소하연문화-하가점하층문화-하가점상층문화,저사문화적흥쇠동배경적연변밀불가분,한작농업적기원유가능재서료하지구.서료하지구고대배경、여인류문명발생이급연변관계일직시연구적열점,본연구장채자적봉지구홍산수고후도위155cm적자연부면진행료측년、포분화립도분석,득도만경신세말기서료하지구고식피이급고배경자료.립도분석설명침적배경가능위하만탄.포분분석결과현시:만경신세말기진입전신세전,서료하지구교현대온난습윤,식피시초원식피,주요적식물시호속이급국과적기타식물,하만탄중생장유향포속식물,불원적산지분포유소림,침협수주요시송、운삼화철삼,이활협수주요시화목과、호도속、력속화유속.자하이상,장부면분위4개포분조합대(Zone 1～4).Zone 1(15280～14680cal.aB.P.)화Zone 2(14680～14090cal.aB.P.),침협수주요시운삼화철삼,이활협수주요시화목과화호도속식물;Zone 2,반성조대량증가;Zone 3(14090～13890cal.aB.P.),제료운삼화철삼,송속야시주요적침협수충류,차시향포적수량급극증가;Zone 4분위2개아대,즉Zone 4-1(13890～13670cal.aB.P.)화Zone 4-2(13670～13110cal.aB.P.),Zone 4주요적침협수위송-운삼,차시적활협수야변위락협력-유속.재Zone 4-2,반수착C/A치적증대,철삼화분소실.철삼화분소실재약13610cal.aB.P.,가능시유기후적간한인기.상대온난습윤적기후배경위농업적발생제공료봉부적야생자원,이후기배경추우간한,저정능시촉사농업발생적일개인소.
Human cultures flourished during the prehistoric and historic periods in the Western Liao River Region,witnessed by the Xiaohexi Culture,Xinglongwa Culture,Zhaobaogou Culture,Hongshan Culture,Xiaoheyan Culture,Lower Xiajiadian Culture and Upper Xiajiadian Culture and formed a continuous cultural sequence in this region.The appearance and disappearance of each of these cultures were related to environmental changes.It has been assumed that millet agriculture might have originated in the Western Liao River Region.However,the environment before the Holocene in this region remains to be clarified.In the present paper a profile located to the north of the Hongshan Reservoir in Chifeng,Inner Mongolia was investigated.This profile,about 155cm in thickness,was sampled every 3～4cm,and was dated using optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)and radiocarbon methods.Results showed that the sequence was deposited during the period of 15280cal.aB.P.to 13110cal.aB.P.Palynological analysis and grain size analysis were undertaken.Grain size analysis demonstrated that the sediments were deposited on a floodplain.The palynological analysis indicated that the paleovegetation consisted of grassland and a steppe with Artemisia and other types of Compositae.Typha grew on the floodplain,which was surrounded by open forest.Pinus,Picea and Tsuga were the main conifers in the open forest.Four pollen zones were established from the bottom to the top.In zones 1(15280～14680cal.aB.P.)and 2(14680-14090cal.aB.P.),the main conifers were Picea and Tsuga,while the broad-leaved arboreal vegetation consisted of pioneers,such as Betulaceae and Juglans,while Pediastrum increased in Zone 2.In Zone 3(14090～13890cal.aB.P.),Pinus became more common and Typha,an aquatic plant,increased dramatically.Zone 4 could be divided into two subzones,Zone 4-1 (13890～13670cal.aB.P.)and Zone 4-2(13670～13110cal.aB.P.).In Zone 4,the main conifers were Pinus-Picea,while the broad-leaved taxa was replaced by more mature forest consisting of Quercus and Ulmus.In Zone 4-2,Tsuga disappeared as the ratio of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia(C/A)increased.The disappearance of Tsuga around 13610cal.aB.P.was possibly triggered by climatic change.The Tsuga pollen was produced locally,which indicates that during the Late Pleistocene the climate in the Western Liao River Region was milder and moister than nowadays.The moderate and humid climate laid the foundation for the appearance of agriculture.Finally,the climate became arid,which would probably have forced the hunter-gatherers to rely increasingly on crop plants.