CAJ | 학술논문

尽管森林地被物在保水与养分循环中扮演重要角色,但我们仍然对由植被转换引起的森林地被物的变化缺乏了解.为评价不同人工林替代乡土灌丛对森林地被物水文特性的影响,我们选择了4种人工林(连香树Cercidiphyllum japonicum [Cj],油松Pinus tabulaeformis [Pt],华山松Pinus armandi [Pa],落叶松Larix kaempferi [Lk]),以次生乡土灌丛(QC) (Quercus liaotungensis和Corylus heterophylla var.sutchuenensis为优势种)为对照.人工林种植于1987年,初始密度为2500株ha-1,我们发现针叶人工林地被物厚度和贮量明显大于次生灌丛地和阔叶人工林地.地被物最大持水量在各林地之间差异与厚度和贮量显示相同的趋势,我们认为其主要贡献因子为林地凋落物数量及单位重量凋落物的最大持水量差异.地被物吸水过程和吸水速率与浸泡时间分别呈对数与指数回归关系.吸水过程在各植被之间与地被物各层次之间明显不同,主要受各植被的凋落物叶结构与分解程度影响.我们的结果显示针叶林地被物储量明显高于阔叶林,这说明以针叶树种为优势的林地大量养分滞留在凋落物中,难于返还土壤被植物利用,同时,半分解层(F)和分解层(H)最大持水能力高于未分解层(L),因此,改善林地微环境,促进L层地被物向F和H层转化,是改善人工林地被物水文功能的主要方法之一.
진관삼임지피물재보수여양분순배중분연중요각색,단아문잉연대유식피전환인기적삼임지피물적변화결핍료해.위평개불동인공림체대향토관총대삼임지피물수문특성적영향,아문선택료4충인공림(련향수Cercidiphyllum japonicum [Cj],유송Pinus tabulaeformis [Pt],화산송Pinus armandi [Pa],락협송Larix kaempferi [Lk]),이차생향토관총(QC) (Quercus liaotungensis화Corylus heterophylla var.sutchuenensis위우세충)위대조.인공림충식우1987년,초시밀도위2500주ha-1,아문발현침협인공임지피물후도화저량명현대우차생관총지화활협인공임지.지피물최대지수량재각임지지간차이여후도화저량현시상동적추세,아문인위기주요공헌인자위임지조락물수량급단위중량조락물적최대지수량차이.지피물흡수과정화흡수속솔여침포시간분별정대수여지수회귀관계.흡수과정재각식피지간여지피물각층차지간명현불동,주요수각식피적조락물협결구여분해정도영향.아문적결과현시침협임지피물저량명현고우활협림,저설명이침협수충위우세적임지대량양분체류재조락물중,난우반환토양피식물이용,동시,반분해층(F)화분해층(H)최대지수능력고우미분해층(L),인차,개선임지미배경,촉진L층지피물향F화H층전화,시개선인공임지피물수문공능적주요방법지일.
Although the forest floor plays important roles in water-holding and nutrient cycling,there is not enough knowledge of the functional changes of the forest floor resulting from changes in vegetation.To evaluate the effect on the hydrological properties of forest floor by the substitution of plantation species for native coppice,we selected four species substituting plantations and one native coppice (secondary native broad-leaved forest,dominated by Quercus liaotungensis and Corylus heterophylla var.sutchuenensis) (QC) as a comparison forest.The substituting plantations were Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cj),Pinus tabulaeformis (Pt),Pinus armandi (Pa),Larix kaempferi (Lk).These were established in 1987 with a stocking density of approximately 2500 stem ha-1.Thickness and the amount of floor in coniferous plantations were significantly higher compared to secondary native broad-leaved forest and pure broadleaved plantation.The maximal water-holding capacity of the floor showed the same trend as thickness and amount of litter.Main contributors to the difference in hydrological characteristics in the plantations were the quantity of forest ffoor and the maximal water holding capacity per unit weight of the floor.The relationships between water absorption processes,water absorption rate and the immersion time for litter,fitted to logarithmic and exponential regressions,respectively.Water absorption processes differed significantly between the various plantations and different decomposition floor horizons.Water absorption characteristics were influenced by leaf structure in various tree species and the degree of decomposed litter.Our results showed that litter amount in coniferous plantations were significantly higher than in deciduous broad-leaved plantation.This suggests that a large amount of nutrients are held in the litter horizon,delaying return to the soil and utilization by plants.At the same time,maximal water-holding capacity of the forest floor in F [fermentation] and H [hummus] horizons was significantly higher than that in L [fresh litter] horizon.Therefore,improving litter transformation from L horizon to F and H horizons by promoting forest floor environment would be one of the best methods for plantation management.