中国岩溶
中國巖溶
중국암용
CARSOLOGICA SINICA
2009年
2期
113-121
,共9页
岩溶水系统%浊度%颗粒分布%沉积物运移%地下水污染%粪便细菌%微生物病原体
巖溶水繫統%濁度%顆粒分佈%沉積物運移%地下水汙染%糞便細菌%微生物病原體
암용수계통%탁도%과립분포%침적물운이%지하수오염%분편세균%미생물병원체
karst aquifer%turbidity%particle-size distribution%sediment transport%groundwater contamination%faecal bacteria%microbial pathogens
本文讨论了沉积物和悬浮颗粒物/胶体在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用,介绍了关于瑞士某岩溶水系统内颗粒物与微生物污染间关系的试验结果.该试验场包括一个接纳农田排水的落水洞及与其相连的两个泉,其中一个泉是供水水源地.利用便携式粒子计实时监测泉水中颗粒分布的变化情况,同时对浊度、总有机碳和其它参数进行连续监测;并对水中E型大肠菌群进行了分析.在暴雨过后,观测到了浊度的两种不同表现:在泉排泄量增加时,浊度最初表现为脉状水动力条件下岩溶系统内沉积物的二次运移;几天后观测到的浊度则表明水已从落水洞到了泉口,常常具有高的总有机碳、硝酸盐及E型大肠菌群.颗粒分布分析结果差异更大:早期的浊度是不同粒径颗粒物的混合,而后期的浊度更多的是由较细颗粒构成,因为大颗粒物已沉积在落水洞到泉口之间的岩溶系统内.E型大肠菌群与0.9～1.5 μm颗粒物之间具有很好的相关性.因而较细颗粒的相对增加可应用于微生物污染"早期预报系统".除了水污染,颗粒分布还可以帮助我们研究岩溶环境的其它问题,如土壤侵蚀.
本文討論瞭沉積物和懸浮顆粒物/膠體在巖溶水繫統汙染物衰減與運移中的作用,介紹瞭關于瑞士某巖溶水繫統內顆粒物與微生物汙染間關繫的試驗結果.該試驗場包括一箇接納農田排水的落水洞及與其相連的兩箇泉,其中一箇泉是供水水源地.利用便攜式粒子計實時鑑測泉水中顆粒分佈的變化情況,同時對濁度、總有機碳和其它參數進行連續鑑測;併對水中E型大腸菌群進行瞭分析.在暴雨過後,觀測到瞭濁度的兩種不同錶現:在泉排洩量增加時,濁度最初錶現為脈狀水動力條件下巖溶繫統內沉積物的二次運移;幾天後觀測到的濁度則錶明水已從落水洞到瞭泉口,常常具有高的總有機碳、硝痠鹽及E型大腸菌群.顆粒分佈分析結果差異更大:早期的濁度是不同粒徑顆粒物的混閤,而後期的濁度更多的是由較細顆粒構成,因為大顆粒物已沉積在落水洞到泉口之間的巖溶繫統內.E型大腸菌群與0.9～1.5 μm顆粒物之間具有很好的相關性.因而較細顆粒的相對增加可應用于微生物汙染"早期預報繫統".除瞭水汙染,顆粒分佈還可以幫助我們研究巖溶環境的其它問題,如土壤侵蝕.
본문토론료침적물화현부과립물/효체재암용수계통오염물쇠감여운이중적작용,개소료관우서사모암용수계통내과립물여미생물오염간관계적시험결과.해시험장포괄일개접납농전배수적낙수동급여기상련적량개천,기중일개천시공수수원지.이용편휴식입자계실시감측천수중과립분포적변화정황,동시대탁도、총유궤탄화기타삼수진행련속감측;병대수중E형대장균군진행료분석.재폭우과후,관측도료탁도적량충불동표현:재천배설량증가시,탁도최초표현위맥상수동력조건하암용계통내침적물적이차운이;궤천후관측도적탁도칙표명수이종낙수동도료천구,상상구유고적총유궤탄、초산염급E형대장균군.과립분포분석결과차이경대:조기적탁도시불동립경과립물적혼합,이후기적탁도경다적시유교세과립구성,인위대과립물이침적재낙수동도천구지간적암용계통내.E형대장균군여0.9～1.5 μm과립물지간구유흔호적상관성.인이교세과립적상대증가가응용우미생물오염"조기예보계통".제료수오염,과립분포환가이방조아문연구암용배경적기타문제,여토양침식.
This paper discusses the roles of sediments and suspended particles/colloids for contaminant attenuation and transport in karst groundwater and presents experimental results concerning the relations between particles and microbial contamination in a karst system in Switzerland. The test site consists of a swallow hole draining agricultural land, connected to two springs, one of which is used for water supply. A portable particle counter was used to obtain detailed time-series of Particle-Size Distribution (PSD) in spring water, along with continuous monitoring of turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC) and other parameters, and analyses of faecal bacteria(Eschericha coli (E. coli)). Two types of turbidity were observed at the springs following intense rainfall: A primary signal occurred during increasing discharge and is explained by remobilisation of intrakarstic sediments due to a hydraulic pulse (autochthonous or pulse-through turbidity). A secondary turbidity is typically observed after several days and indicates the arrival of water from the swallow hole (allochthonous or flow-through turbidity)to spring, often associated with high levels of TOC, nitrate and E.coli. PSD analyses allowed further differentiation: The primary turbidity consists of a mixture of different particles sizes, while the secondary signal predominantly consists of very fine particles, because larger particles are removed by sedimentation between the swallow hole and the springs. There is good correlation between E.coli and 0.9～1.5 μm flow-through particles. A relative increase of very fine particles can thus be used as an "early-warning system" for microbial contamination. PSD monitoring could also help to study other problems in karst environments, not only water contamination, but also soil erosion.
